This study explores how extracurricular activities experiences affect students’ leadership development outcomes. The current status of students’ experiences of extracurricular activities and leadership development outcomes identified. Also, it analyzed the correlation, as well as how they contribute to the college students’ leadership. Lastly, the result was compared between international students and domestic students. This study focused on the individual, group, and community/society values of the Social Change Model of Leadership Development. Data was collected from 708 college students and analyzed using quantitative methodology. The results showed that college students’ participation in extracurricular organizations were relatively lower than high school students. Gender and class level, student type were positively associated with student leadership development. Specifically, higher involvement in extracurricular activity produces higher leadership development outcomes. Students’ self-perception of leadership skills were the most significant predictors of all values of leadership development outcomes. Participation in extracurricular activities exerted a direct positive effect on leadership development outcomes. Educators should be challenged explicitly to enhance student’s participation in leadership development and provide bridge programs that give domestic students more opportunities to participate in extracurricular activities with international students. This study can guide leaders in higher education to structure student participation opportunities that positively affect a student’s leadership development outside the classroom.
","abstract_html":"<p>This study explores how extracurricular activities experiences affect students’ leadership development outcomes. The current status of students’ experiences of extracurricular activities and leadership development outcomes identified. Also, it analyzed the correlation, as well as how they contribute to the college students’ leadership. Lastly, the result was compared between international students and domestic students. This study focused on the individual, group, and community/society values of the Social Change Model of Leadership Development. Data was collected from 708 college students and analyzed using quantitative methodology. The results showed that college students’ participation in extracurricular organizations were relatively lower than high school students. Gender and class level, student type were positively associated with student leadership development. Specifically, higher involvement in extracurricular activity produces higher leadership development outcomes. Students’ self-perception of leadership skills were the most significant predictors of all values of leadership development outcomes. Participation in extracurricular activities exerted a direct positive effect on leadership development outcomes. Educators should be challenged explicitly to enhance student’s participation in leadership development and provide bridge programs that give domestic students more opportunities to participate in extracurricular activities with international students. This study can guide leaders in higher education to structure student participation opportunities that positively affect a student’s leadership development outside the classroom. </p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["KIM, JUHEE"],"institution":"Eastern Kentucky University","degree_name":"Doctor of Education (EdD)","degree_level":"Doctoral's","degree_discipline":"Educational Leadership and Policy Studies","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2021-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:00Z","subjects":["Educational Leadership","Extracurricular Activity","Quantitative Methodology","Social Change Model","SRLS-R2","Student Development","Higher Education","Higher Education Administration"],"languages":[],"rights":["Copyright 2021 JUHEE KIM"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/737","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["KIM, JUHEE"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Educational Leadership and Policy Studies"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral's"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Education (EdD)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Eastern Kentucky University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Educational Leadership","Extracurricular Activity","Quantitative Methodology","Social Change Model","SRLS-R2","Student Development","Higher Education","Higher Education Administration"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2021 JUHEE KIM"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/737"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["This study explores how extracurricular activities experiences affect students’ leadership development outcomes. The current status of students’ experiences of extracurricular activities and leadership development outcomes identified. Also, it analyzed the correlation, as well as how they contribute to the college students’ leadership. Lastly, the result was compared between international students and domestic students. This study focused on the individual, group, and community/society values of the Social Change Model of Leadership Development. Data was collected from 708 college students and analyzed using quantitative methodology. The results showed that college students’ participation in extracurricular organizations were relatively lower than high school students. Gender and class level, student type were positively associated with student leadership development. Specifically, higher involvement in extracurricular activity produces higher leadership development outcomes. Students’ self-perception of leadership skills were the most significant predictors of all values of leadership development outcomes. Participation in extracurricular activities exerted a direct positive effect on leadership development outcomes. Educators should be challenged explicitly to enhance student’s participation in leadership development and provide bridge programs that give domestic students more opportunities to participate in extracurricular activities with international students. This study can guide leaders in higher education to structure student participation opportunities that positively affect a student’s leadership development outside the classroom.
"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/PDF"]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Encompass Digital Archive: Online Theses and Dissertations"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Relationship Of Extracurricular Activity On Leadership Development: Comparing International And Domestic Students"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["KIM, JUHEE"],"dc:description.abstract":["This study explores how extracurricular activities experiences affect students’ leadership development outcomes. The current status of students’ experiences of extracurricular activities and leadership development outcomes identified. Also, it analyzed the correlation, as well as how they contribute to the college students’ leadership. Lastly, the result was compared between international students and domestic students. This study focused on the individual, group, and community/society values of the Social Change Model of Leadership Development. Data was collected from 708 college students and analyzed using quantitative methodology. The results showed that college students’ participation in extracurricular organizations were relatively lower than high school students. Gender and class level, student type were positively associated with student leadership development. Specifically, higher involvement in extracurricular activity produces higher leadership development outcomes. Students’ self-perception of leadership skills were the most significant predictors of all values of leadership development outcomes. Participation in extracurricular activities exerted a direct positive effect on leadership development outcomes. Educators should be challenged explicitly to enhance student’s participation in leadership development and provide bridge programs that give domestic students more opportunities to participate in extracurricular activities with international students. This study can guide leaders in higher education to structure student participation opportunities that positively affect a student’s leadership development outside the classroom.
"],"dc:format":["application/PDF"],"dc:identifier":["https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/737"],"dc:publisher":["Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2021 JUHEE KIM"],"dc:source":["Encompass Digital Archive: Online Theses and Dissertations"],"dc:subject":["Educational Leadership","Extracurricular Activity","Quantitative Methodology","Social Change Model","SRLS-R2","Student Development","Higher Education","Higher Education Administration"],"dc:title":["The Relationship Of Extracurricular Activity On Leadership Development: Comparing International And Domestic Students"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Educational Leadership and Policy Studies"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral's"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Education (EdD)"],"thesis:institution_name":["Eastern Kentucky University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:16:00Z"}