The purpose of this study was to analyze employment outcomes and leadership practices of graduates from a Leadership Excellence for Middle Managers program conducted at a state-operated university from 2007 to 2014. The target population of the leadership development program graduates included representatives from the public and private sector, males and females, and various age groups. The study was conducted as a Kirkpatrick (1994) level two training evaluation—focusing on the change that occurred after completion of the training program. A written survey was used to gather data regarding post-graduation employment outcomes and included the Leadership Practices Inventory 4th Edition (Kouzes & Posner, 2013) for self-scoring of the respondents' individual leadership practices.
The LPI-Self provided the opportunity for scoring the five leadership practices as identified by Kouzes and Posner (2002). The middle managers scored the highest in the area of Enabling Others to Act with a mean score of 8.44 and scored the lowest in the area of Inspire a Shared Vision with a mean score of 6.55 on a 1 to 10 scale with 10 being highest. Respondents noted the following employment outcomes: 56.3% received a job promotion, 62.5% received a pay increase, and 37.5% completed additional training or education. The study includes descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to fully describe the employment outcomes and leadership skills realized by the respondents.
","abstract_html":"<p>The purpose of this study was to analyze employment outcomes and leadership practices of graduates from a Leadership Excellence for Middle Managers program conducted at a state-operated university from 2007 to 2014. The target population of the leadership development program graduates included representatives from the public and private sector, males and females, and various age groups. The study was conducted as a Kirkpatrick (1994) level two training evaluation—focusing on the change that occurred after completion of the training program. A written survey was used to gather data regarding post-graduation employment outcomes and included the Leadership Practices Inventory 4th Edition (Kouzes & Posner, 2013) for self-scoring of the respondents' individual leadership practices. </p> <p>The LPI-Self provided the opportunity for scoring the five leadership practices as identified by Kouzes and Posner (2002). The middle managers scored the highest in the area of Enabling Others to Act with a mean score of 8.44 and scored the lowest in the area of Inspire a Shared Vision with a mean score of 6.55 on a 1 to 10 scale with 10 being highest. Respondents noted the following employment outcomes: 56.3% received a job promotion, 62.5% received a pay increase, and 37.5% completed additional training or education. The study includes descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to fully describe the employment outcomes and leadership skills realized by the respondents. </p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Cole, Tammy Denise"],"institution":"Eastern Kentucky University","degree_name":"Doctor of Education (EdD)","degree_level":"Doctoral's","degree_discipline":"Educational Leadership and Policy Studies","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:15:39Z","subjects":["Adult Learners","Continuing Education","Leadership","Leadership Development","Professional Development","Training","Leadership Studies","Vocational Education"],"languages":[],"rights":["Copyright 2017 Tammy Denise Cole"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/478","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Cole, Tammy Denise"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Educational Leadership and Policy Studies"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral's"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Education (EdD)"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["Eastern Kentucky University"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Adult Learners","Continuing Education","Leadership","Leadership Development","Professional Development","Training","Leadership Studies","Vocational Education"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright 2017 Tammy Denise Cole"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/478"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study was to analyze employment outcomes and leadership practices of graduates from a Leadership Excellence for Middle Managers program conducted at a state-operated university from 2007 to 2014. The target population of the leadership development program graduates included representatives from the public and private sector, males and females, and various age groups. The study was conducted as a Kirkpatrick (1994) level two training evaluation—focusing on the change that occurred after completion of the training program. A written survey was used to gather data regarding post-graduation employment outcomes and included the Leadership Practices Inventory 4th Edition (Kouzes & Posner, 2013) for self-scoring of the respondents' individual leadership practices.
The LPI-Self provided the opportunity for scoring the five leadership practices as identified by Kouzes and Posner (2002). The middle managers scored the highest in the area of Enabling Others to Act with a mean score of 8.44 and scored the lowest in the area of Inspire a Shared Vision with a mean score of 6.55 on a 1 to 10 scale with 10 being highest. Respondents noted the following employment outcomes: 56.3% received a job promotion, 62.5% received a pay increase, and 37.5% completed additional training or education. The study includes descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to fully describe the employment outcomes and leadership skills realized by the respondents.
"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Encompass Digital Archive: Online Theses and Dissertations"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Analysis of Employment Outcomes and Leadership Practices for Middle Managers Completing a Leadership Development Program"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Cole, Tammy Denise"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study was to analyze employment outcomes and leadership practices of graduates from a Leadership Excellence for Middle Managers program conducted at a state-operated university from 2007 to 2014. The target population of the leadership development program graduates included representatives from the public and private sector, males and females, and various age groups. The study was conducted as a Kirkpatrick (1994) level two training evaluation—focusing on the change that occurred after completion of the training program. A written survey was used to gather data regarding post-graduation employment outcomes and included the Leadership Practices Inventory 4th Edition (Kouzes & Posner, 2013) for self-scoring of the respondents' individual leadership practices.
The LPI-Self provided the opportunity for scoring the five leadership practices as identified by Kouzes and Posner (2002). The middle managers scored the highest in the area of Enabling Others to Act with a mean score of 8.44 and scored the lowest in the area of Inspire a Shared Vision with a mean score of 6.55 on a 1 to 10 scale with 10 being highest. Respondents noted the following employment outcomes: 56.3% received a job promotion, 62.5% received a pay increase, and 37.5% completed additional training or education. The study includes descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to fully describe the employment outcomes and leadership skills realized by the respondents.
"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/478"],"dc:publisher":["Encompass Digital Archive, Eastern Kentucky University"],"dc:rights":["Copyright 2017 Tammy Denise Cole"],"dc:source":["Encompass Digital Archive: Online Theses and Dissertations"],"dc:subject":["Adult Learners","Continuing Education","Leadership","Leadership Development","Professional Development","Training","Leadership Studies","Vocational Education"],"dc:title":["Analysis of Employment Outcomes and Leadership Practices for Middle Managers Completing a Leadership Development Program"],"dc:type":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Educational Leadership and Policy Studies"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral's"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Education (EdD)"],"thesis:institution_name":["Eastern Kentucky University"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:15:39Z"}