{"id":{"repo_id":"edithcowan","oai_identifier":"oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:theses-1166"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/edithcowan/oai:ro.ecu.edu.au:theses-1166","repository":{"repo_id":"edithcowan","name":"Edith Cowan University","base_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Detection of muscle damage by B-mode ultrasonography : relationship between echo intensity and histological changes following injection of bupivacaine to rat hind limb muscles","abstract":"It is reported that the echo intensity of B-mode ultrasound images increases when human elbow flexors are damaged by eccentric exercise. However, it is unknown what causes the increase in echo intensity, and its relationship to histological changes is unexplored. This study tests the hypothesis that infiltration of inflammatory cells in damaged muscle fibres causes an increase in the echo intensity of B-mode ultrasound images. The study is carried out by injecting bupivacaine hydrochloride (BPVC), which is known to result in infiltration of mononuclear cells, into rat hind limb muscles. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Research Ethics Committee. BPVC (0.5 % of 0.5 ml) or saline (0.9 % NaCl of 0.5 ml) was injected to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) of 14-19 wk male Wistar rats (n=12). Ultrasound images were taken from the muscles before, 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, and 336 hours after the injections using a 7.5 MHz probe connected to an Image Point HX® (HP, USA). The images were analysed by an Image J (NIH, USA) to assess the changes in echo intensity of a region of interest, and changes in the intensity were compared between BPVC and controlled conditions. In the subsequent study, the rats (n= 16) were sacrificed before and 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 168 hours after BPVC or saline injection into the TA after assessing changes in the echo intensity up to the time of sacrifice in the same time course of the first study. \"Histological changes in the muscle after the injection were observed and compared with the ultrasound images. Changes in the echo intensity in the TA after BPVC injection were compared between the control (non and saline injection) and injected limbs by a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. The echo intensity did not change significantly in muscles that did not receive an injection. BPVC injection induced greater (P","abstract_html":"It is reported that the echo intensity of B-mode ultrasound images increases when human elbow flexors are damaged by eccentric exercise. However, it is unknown what causes the increase in echo intensity, and its relationship to histological changes is unexplored. This study tests the hypothesis that infiltration of inflammatory cells in damaged muscle fibres causes an increase in the echo intensity of B-mode ultrasound images. The study is carried out by injecting bupivacaine hydrochloride (BPVC), which is known to result in infiltration of mononuclear cells, into rat hind limb muscles. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Research Ethics Committee. BPVC (0.5 % of 0.5 ml) or saline (0.9 % NaCl of 0.5 ml) was injected to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) of 14-19 wk male Wistar rats (n=12). Ultrasound images were taken from the muscles before, 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, and 336 hours after the injections using a 7.5 MHz probe connected to an Image Point HX® (HP, USA). The images were analysed by an Image J (NIH, USA) to assess the changes in echo intensity of a region of interest, and changes in the intensity were compared between BPVC and controlled conditions. In the subsequent study, the rats (n= 16) were sacrificed before and 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 168 hours after BPVC or saline injection into the TA after assessing changes in the echo intensity up to the time of sacrifice in the same time course of the first study. "Histological changes in the muscle after the injection were observed and compared with the ultrasound images. Changes in the echo intensity in the TA after BPVC injection were compared between the control (non and saline injection) and injected limbs by a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. The echo intensity did not change significantly in muscles that did not receive an injection. BPVC injection induced greater (P","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Fujikake, Tasuku"],"institution":"Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2008,"date_issued":"2008-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2008-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:21:17Z","subjects":["Arm","Muscles","Physiology","Elbow","Diagnostic ultrasonic imaging","Exercise","Physiological aspects.","Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/166","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Fujikake, Tasuku"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2008-01-01T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["ecu_thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Arm","Muscles","Physiology","Elbow","Diagnostic ultrasonic imaging","Exercise","Physiological aspects.","Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/166","https://ro.ecu.edu.au/context/theses/article/1166/viewcontent/Detection_20of_20muscle_20damage_20by_20B_mode_20ultrasonography.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["It is reported that the echo intensity of B-mode ultrasound images increases when human elbow flexors are damaged by eccentric exercise. However, it is unknown what causes the increase in echo intensity, and its relationship to histological changes is unexplored. This study tests the hypothesis that infiltration of inflammatory cells in damaged muscle fibres causes an increase in the echo intensity of B-mode ultrasound images. The study is carried out by injecting bupivacaine hydrochloride (BPVC), which is known to result in infiltration of mononuclear cells, into rat hind limb muscles. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Research Ethics Committee. BPVC (0.5 % of 0.5 ml) or saline (0.9 % NaCl of 0.5 ml) was injected to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) of 14-19 wk male Wistar rats (n=12). Ultrasound images were taken from the muscles before, 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, and 336 hours after the injections using a 7.5 MHz probe connected to an Image Point HX® (HP, USA). The images were analysed by an Image J (NIH, USA) to assess the changes in echo intensity of a region of interest, and changes in the intensity were compared between BPVC and controlled conditions. In the subsequent study, the rats (n= 16) were sacrificed before and 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 168 hours after BPVC or saline injection into the TA after assessing changes in the echo intensity up to the time of sacrifice in the same time course of the first study. \"Histological changes in the muscle after the injection were observed and compared with the ultrasound images. Changes in the echo intensity in the TA after BPVC injection were compared between the control (non and saline injection) and injected limbs by a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. The echo intensity did not change significantly in muscles that did not receive an injection. BPVC injection induced greater (P"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Theses: Doctorates and Masters"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Detection of muscle damage by B-mode ultrasonography : relationship between echo intensity and histological changes following injection of bupivacaine to rat hind limb muscles"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Fujikake, Tasuku"],"dc:date":["2008-01-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description":["It is reported that the echo intensity of B-mode ultrasound images increases when human elbow flexors are damaged by eccentric exercise. However, it is unknown what causes the increase in echo intensity, and its relationship to histological changes is unexplored. This study tests the hypothesis that infiltration of inflammatory cells in damaged muscle fibres causes an increase in the echo intensity of B-mode ultrasound images. The study is carried out by injecting bupivacaine hydrochloride (BPVC), which is known to result in infiltration of mononuclear cells, into rat hind limb muscles. This study was approved by the Institutional Animal Research Ethics Committee. BPVC (0.5 % of 0.5 ml) or saline (0.9 % NaCl of 0.5 ml) was injected to the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) of 14-19 wk male Wistar rats (n=12). Ultrasound images were taken from the muscles before, 0, 2, 4, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, 72, 120, 168, and 336 hours after the injections using a 7.5 MHz probe connected to an Image Point HX® (HP, USA). The images were analysed by an Image J (NIH, USA) to assess the changes in echo intensity of a region of interest, and changes in the intensity were compared between BPVC and controlled conditions. In the subsequent study, the rats (n= 16) were sacrificed before and 0, 2, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 168 hours after BPVC or saline injection into the TA after assessing changes in the echo intensity up to the time of sacrifice in the same time course of the first study. \"Histological changes in the muscle after the injection were observed and compared with the ultrasound images. Changes in the echo intensity in the TA after BPVC injection were compared between the control (non and saline injection) and injected limbs by a two-way analysis of variance with repeated measures. The echo intensity did not change significantly in muscles that did not receive an injection. BPVC injection induced greater (P"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/166","https://ro.ecu.edu.au/context/theses/article/1166/viewcontent/Detection_20of_20muscle_20damage_20by_20B_mode_20ultrasonography.pdf"],"dc:publisher":["Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia"],"dc:source":["Theses: Doctorates and Masters"],"dc:subject":["Arm","Muscles","Physiology","Elbow","Diagnostic ultrasonic imaging","Exercise","Physiological aspects.","Musculoskeletal, Neural, and Ocular Physiology"],"dc:title":["Detection of muscle damage by B-mode ultrasonography : relationship between echo intensity and histological changes following injection of bupivacaine to rat hind limb muscles"],"dc:type":["ecu_thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:21:17Z"}