{"id":{"repo_id":"edinburgh","oai_identifier":"oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/32919"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/edinburgh/oai:era.ed.ac.uk:1842/32919","repository":{"repo_id":"edinburgh","name":"University of Edinburgh","base_url":"https://era.ed.ac.uk/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Enuresis in children","abstract":"Enuresis is a condition which not only causes much inhappiness to its victims but which does not by any means always undergo a natural cure. It is also more common than is generally realised.","abstract_html":"Enuresis is a condition which not only causes much inhappiness to its victims but which does not by any means always undergo a natural cure. It is also more common than is generally realised.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Crichton, Archibald H."],"institution":"The University of Edinburgh","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1939,"date_issued":"1939","date_published":"1939","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:14:09Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1842/32919","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Crichton, Archibald H."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2018-09-13T16:09:03Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-09-13T16:09:03Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1939"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["The University of Edinburgh"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis or Dissertation"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["MD Doctor of Medicine"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/1842/32919"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Enuresis is a condition which not only causes much inhappiness to its victims but which does not by any means always undergo a natural cure. It is also more common than is generally realised.","In consideration of the aetiology of the condition,hereditary factors may play a small part but racial factors and size of family are of no significance, nor is there any greater incidence in either sex. The condition is more common among the poorer classes, but this may be due to the fact that most investigations have involved the hospital class of child. frost cases begin in infancy or develop in early childhood.","Of the many theories of causation none accounts for more than a proportion of the cases and that proportion is generally a small one. The majority of the diseases and defects which have been held to be causative are merely co- existing factors and not necessarily causative factors at all. This applies particularly to mental deficiency with which enuresis has no direct connection, the proportion of enuretics not increasing as the Intelligence Quotient, diminishes.","The theory, which I think does cover most of the cases, with the exception of the small percentage having a specific lesion, cure of which will cure the enuresis, is that the condition is essentially one associated with defective training and environment. This, in my view is by far the commonest cause.","The investigation of each individual case is of the utmost importance, including as it must, a careful history, a full physical examination and a careful investigation of the environment of the child.","With regard to the treatment of these children, I have enumerated various operative procedures which have been tried, most of which are as impracticable in the average case as they are unde s ireable . A survey is given of some of the numerous drugs that have been used in the treatment of enuresis and the effect of five of the most commonly used, Fotassium Citrate, Belladonna, Thyroid, Atropina sulphate and Eserine sulphate, has been noted in a series of 91 cases.","The results are disappointing, the most effective being Belladonna and that failed in 60% of the cases in which it was tried.","I have made a strong plea for what may be termed prophylactic treatment. Every mother should, I think, receive instruction on the training of her child at the time of her confinement, particularly with regard to the inculcation of good habits in connection with bladder function. Thus, I feel, many cases might be prevented.","With regard to the established case of enuresis the most hopeful lines of treatment are I think to improve the childs general health, to remedy all possible defects in environment and hygiene, and to attempt to obtain full co- operation of child and parent in order that the desire for cure, and the determination to be cured, may be fostered in the childs mind.","On the principle that any treatment is of value which suggests to the child that cure can and will take place, I have tried Dunhams method of getting the child to concentrate on suggestive sentences written on a card. The series of 8 cases so treated is too small for definite conclusions to be drawn but the results are encouraging.","With regard to the cases that fail to respond to treatment I think the main causes of lack of success are parental stupidity and indifference and lack of a full comprehensive investigation of the case.","The first factor is outwith control;- the second is not, and, tedious as the necessary work may be, the result is surely worth while."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Enuresis in children"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Crichton, Archibald H."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2018-09-13T16:09:03Z"],"dc:date.available":["2018-09-13T16:09:03Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1939"],"dc:description.abstract":["Enuresis is a condition which not only causes much inhappiness to its victims but which does not by any means always undergo a natural cure. It is also more common than is generally realised.","In consideration of the aetiology of the condition,hereditary factors may play a small part but racial factors and size of family are of no significance, nor is there any greater incidence in either sex. The condition is more common among the poorer classes, but this may be due to the fact that most investigations have involved the hospital class of child. frost cases begin in infancy or develop in early childhood.","Of the many theories of causation none accounts for more than a proportion of the cases and that proportion is generally a small one. The majority of the diseases and defects which have been held to be causative are merely co- existing factors and not necessarily causative factors at all. This applies particularly to mental deficiency with which enuresis has no direct connection, the proportion of enuretics not increasing as the Intelligence Quotient, diminishes.","The theory, which I think does cover most of the cases, with the exception of the small percentage having a specific lesion, cure of which will cure the enuresis, is that the condition is essentially one associated with defective training and environment. This, in my view is by far the commonest cause.","The investigation of each individual case is of the utmost importance, including as it must, a careful history, a full physical examination and a careful investigation of the environment of the child.","With regard to the treatment of these children, I have enumerated various operative procedures which have been tried, most of which are as impracticable in the average case as they are unde s ireable . A survey is given of some of the numerous drugs that have been used in the treatment of enuresis and the effect of five of the most commonly used, Fotassium Citrate, Belladonna, Thyroid, Atropina sulphate and Eserine sulphate, has been noted in a series of 91 cases.","The results are disappointing, the most effective being Belladonna and that failed in 60% of the cases in which it was tried.","I have made a strong plea for what may be termed prophylactic treatment. Every mother should, I think, receive instruction on the training of her child at the time of her confinement, particularly with regard to the inculcation of good habits in connection with bladder function. Thus, I feel, many cases might be prevented.","With regard to the established case of enuresis the most hopeful lines of treatment are I think to improve the childs general health, to remedy all possible defects in environment and hygiene, and to attempt to obtain full co- operation of child and parent in order that the desire for cure, and the determination to be cured, may be fostered in the childs mind.","On the principle that any treatment is of value which suggests to the child that cure can and will take place, I have tried Dunhams method of getting the child to concentrate on suggestive sentences written on a card. The series of 8 cases so treated is too small for definite conclusions to be drawn but the results are encouraging.","With regard to the cases that fail to respond to treatment I think the main causes of lack of success are parental stupidity and indifference and lack of a full comprehensive investigation of the case.","The first factor is outwith control;- the second is not, and, tedious as the necessary work may be, the result is surely worth while."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/1842/32919"],"dc:publisher":["The University of Edinburgh"],"dc:title":["Enuresis in children"],"dc:type":["Thesis or Dissertation"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Doctoral"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["MD Doctor of Medicine"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:14:09Z"}