In recent years, the use of supplements to aid resistance training performance has increased, particularly through the consumption of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS). However, limited research exists regarding the efficacy of MIPS on physiological and psychological performance in resistance-trained females.
PURPOSE: To determine the physiological and psychological performance effects of MIPS compared to a placebo and caffeine-only supplement in resistance-trained females.
METHODS: Resistance-trained females (n=10) volunteered for the study. One-repetition maximum (1RM) was established at baseline for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). A within-groups, double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced design was used to assign the four supplement drinks (i.e., placebo, caffeine-only, single MIPS dose, and double MIPS dose). Following a progressive-load warm-up, participants completed repetitions to failure at 75% of 1RM for LP and BP. Participants completed questionnaires to assess rating of perceived exertion (RPE), rating of fatigue (ROF), and exercise enjoyment. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with an alpha level set at .05. RESULTS: There were no differences in repetitions to failure (LP: p = .44; BP: p = .54), RPE (LP: p = .08; BP: p = .70), ROF (LP: p = .09; BP: p = .86), or exercise enjoyment (LP: p = .67; BP: p = .88) across the four supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that caffeine or MIPS consumption may not delay muscular failure or enhance subjective feelings of exertion in resistance-trained females. Future research should explore timing of MIPS, long-term use, and ingredients to determine the ergogenic benefit for resistance-trained females.
","abstract_html":"<p>In recent years, the use of supplements to aid resistance training performance has increased, particularly through the consumption of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS). However, limited research exists regarding the efficacy of MIPS on physiological and psychological performance in resistance-trained females.</p> <p>PURPOSE: To determine the physiological and psychological performance effects of MIPS compared to a placebo and caffeine-only supplement in resistance-trained females.</p> <p>METHODS: Resistance-trained females (n=10) volunteered for the study. One-repetition maximum (1RM) was established at baseline for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). A within-groups, double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced design was used to assign the four supplement drinks (i.e., placebo, caffeine-only, single MIPS dose, and double MIPS dose). Following a progressive-load warm-up, participants completed repetitions to failure at 75% of 1RM for LP and BP. Participants completed questionnaires to assess rating of perceived exertion (RPE), rating of fatigue (ROF), and exercise enjoyment. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with an alpha level set at .05. RESULTS: There were no differences in repetitions to failure (LP: p = .44; BP: p = .54), RPE (LP: p = .08; BP: p = .70), ROF (LP: p = .09; BP: p = .86), or exercise enjoyment (LP: p = .67; BP: p = .88) across the four supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that caffeine or MIPS consumption may not delay muscular failure or enhance subjective feelings of exertion in resistance-trained females. Future research should explore timing of MIPS, long-term use, and ingredients to determine the ergogenic benefit for resistance-trained females.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Snyder, Mariah L."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS) in Wellness and Movement Sciences","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Wellness and Movement Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2023-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:13:16Z","subjects":["Exercise Physiology","Exercise Science","Health Psychology"],"languages":[],"rights":["Access is available to all users"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/886","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Snyder, Mariah L."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Wellness and Movement Sciences"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS) in Wellness and Movement Sciences"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Exercise Physiology","Exercise Science","Health Psychology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Access is available to all users"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/886"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In recent years, the use of supplements to aid resistance training performance has increased, particularly through the consumption of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS). However, limited research exists regarding the efficacy of MIPS on physiological and psychological performance in resistance-trained females.
PURPOSE: To determine the physiological and psychological performance effects of MIPS compared to a placebo and caffeine-only supplement in resistance-trained females.
METHODS: Resistance-trained females (n=10) volunteered for the study. One-repetition maximum (1RM) was established at baseline for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). A within-groups, double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced design was used to assign the four supplement drinks (i.e., placebo, caffeine-only, single MIPS dose, and double MIPS dose). Following a progressive-load warm-up, participants completed repetitions to failure at 75% of 1RM for LP and BP. Participants completed questionnaires to assess rating of perceived exertion (RPE), rating of fatigue (ROF), and exercise enjoyment. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with an alpha level set at .05. RESULTS: There were no differences in repetitions to failure (LP: p = .44; BP: p = .54), RPE (LP: p = .08; BP: p = .70), ROF (LP: p = .09; BP: p = .86), or exercise enjoyment (LP: p = .67; BP: p = .88) across the four supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that caffeine or MIPS consumption may not delay muscular failure or enhance subjective feelings of exertion in resistance-trained females. Future research should explore timing of MIPS, long-term use, and ingredients to determine the ergogenic benefit for resistance-trained females.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The physiological and psychological performance effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements in females during resistance training"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Snyder, Mariah L."],"dc:description.abstract":["In recent years, the use of supplements to aid resistance training performance has increased, particularly through the consumption of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS). However, limited research exists regarding the efficacy of MIPS on physiological and psychological performance in resistance-trained females.
PURPOSE: To determine the physiological and psychological performance effects of MIPS compared to a placebo and caffeine-only supplement in resistance-trained females.
METHODS: Resistance-trained females (n=10) volunteered for the study. One-repetition maximum (1RM) was established at baseline for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). A within-groups, double-blind, randomized, and counterbalanced design was used to assign the four supplement drinks (i.e., placebo, caffeine-only, single MIPS dose, and double MIPS dose). Following a progressive-load warm-up, participants completed repetitions to failure at 75% of 1RM for LP and BP. Participants completed questionnaires to assess rating of perceived exertion (RPE), rating of fatigue (ROF), and exercise enjoyment. Data were analyzed using one-way repeated measures ANOVA with an alpha level set at .05. RESULTS: There were no differences in repetitions to failure (LP: p = .44; BP: p = .54), RPE (LP: p = .08; BP: p = .70), ROF (LP: p = .09; BP: p = .86), or exercise enjoyment (LP: p = .67; BP: p = .88) across the four supplements. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that caffeine or MIPS consumption may not delay muscular failure or enhance subjective feelings of exertion in resistance-trained females. Future research should explore timing of MIPS, long-term use, and ingredients to determine the ergogenic benefit for resistance-trained females.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://dc.ewu.edu/theses/886"],"dc:rights":["Access is available to all users"],"dc:subject":["Exercise Physiology","Exercise Science","Health Psychology"],"dc:title":["The physiological and psychological performance effects of multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements in females during resistance training"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Wellness and Movement Sciences"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS) in Wellness and Movement Sciences"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:13:16Z"}