{"id":{"repo_id":"east-anglia","oai_identifier":"oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:49597"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/east-anglia/oai:ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk:49597","repository":{"repo_id":"east-anglia","name":"University of East Anglia","base_url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Expressed Emotion and Attributions in Paid Dementia Care Staff Regarding Behaviour that Challenges.","abstract":"Aims This project examined expressed emotion (EE) in paid dementia care staff, determining the proportion who expressed high EE and investigating whether high EE was more likely when the client displayed challenging behaviours (CB). The attributions made by staff regarding CBs and whether these were related to the construct of EE were investigated. The behaviour which staff rated as most challenging was identified. Methodology This project used a within subjects design, obtaining quantitative data from 47 staff participants. Each participant was asked to identify a client who displayed CB and one who did not. Participants completed a Five Minute Speech Sample, Modified Attributional Questionnaire and Challenging Behaviour Scale for each client. Results Overall 89.4% of staff participants expressed high levels of EE in at least one of their Five Minute Speech Samples. Significantly more staff displayed high EE in relation to clients with CB than without CB. More critical comments were made in relation to clients with CB, whilst significantly more positive remarks were made in relation to clients without CB. Participants rated the behaviours displayed by challenging clients as significantly more specific to them, whilst behaviours of the non-challenging group were rated as more controllable by staff. Positive remarks and perceptions of control by staff had a significant positive relationship. The behaviour rated by staff as most challenging was physical aggression. Conclusions The proportion of staff who displayed high EE in this study was higher than rates found to date in studies with family caregivers of people with dementia. This study did not provide support for the attributional theory of EE. The results are considered to be consistent with the state theory of EE and the stress-vulnerability model, and the context of the dominant philosophy of person centred dementia care is explored.","abstract_html":"Aims This project examined expressed emotion (EE) in paid dementia care staff, determining the proportion who expressed high EE and investigating whether high EE was more likely when the client displayed challenging behaviours (CB). The attributions made by staff regarding CBs and whether these were related to the construct of EE were investigated. The behaviour which staff rated as most challenging was identified. Methodology This project used a within subjects design, obtaining quantitative data from 47 staff participants. Each participant was asked to identify a client who displayed CB and one who did not. Participants completed a Five Minute Speech Sample, Modified Attributional Questionnaire and Challenging Behaviour Scale for each client. Results Overall 89.4% of staff participants expressed high levels of EE in at least one of their Five Minute Speech Samples. Significantly more staff displayed high EE in relation to clients with CB than without CB. More critical comments were made in relation to clients with CB, whilst significantly more positive remarks were made in relation to clients without CB. Participants rated the behaviours displayed by challenging clients as significantly more specific to them, whilst behaviours of the non-challenging group were rated as more controllable by staff. Positive remarks and perceptions of control by staff had a significant positive relationship. The behaviour rated by staff as most challenging was physical aggression. Conclusions The proportion of staff who displayed high EE in this study was higher than rates found to date in studies with family caregivers of people with dementia. This study did not provide support for the attributional theory of EE. The results are considered to be consistent with the state theory of EE and the stress-vulnerability model, and the context of the dominant philosophy of person centred dementia care is explored.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Lowen, Christine"],"institution":"University of East Anglia","degree_name":"phd","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014","date_published":"2014","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:12:03Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Lowen, Christine"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2014"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Norwich Medical School"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of East Anglia"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/49597/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["phd"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/49597/1/2014LowenCPhD.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Aims This project examined expressed emotion (EE) in paid dementia care staff, determining the proportion who expressed high EE and investigating whether high EE was more likely when the client displayed challenging behaviours (CB). The attributions made by staff regarding CBs and whether these were related to the construct of EE were investigated. The behaviour which staff rated as most challenging was identified. Methodology This project used a within subjects design, obtaining quantitative data from 47 staff participants. Each participant was asked to identify a client who displayed CB and one who did not. Participants completed a Five Minute Speech Sample, Modified Attributional Questionnaire and Challenging Behaviour Scale for each client. Results Overall 89.4% of staff participants expressed high levels of EE in at least one of their Five Minute Speech Samples. Significantly more staff displayed high EE in relation to clients with CB than without CB. More critical comments were made in relation to clients with CB, whilst significantly more positive remarks were made in relation to clients without CB. Participants rated the behaviours displayed by challenging clients as significantly more specific to them, whilst behaviours of the non-challenging group were rated as more controllable by staff. Positive remarks and perceptions of control by staff had a significant positive relationship. The behaviour rated by staff as most challenging was physical aggression. Conclusions The proportion of staff who displayed high EE in this study was higher than rates found to date in studies with family caregivers of people with dementia. This study did not provide support for the attributional theory of EE. The results are considered to be consistent with the state theory of EE and the stress-vulnerability model, and the context of the dominant philosophy of person centred dementia care is explored."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Expressed Emotion and Attributions in Paid Dementia Care Staff Regarding Behaviour that Challenges."]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Lowen, Christine"],"dc:date":["2014"],"dc:date.issued":["2014"],"dc:description.abstract":["Aims This project examined expressed emotion (EE) in paid dementia care staff, determining the proportion who expressed high EE and investigating whether high EE was more likely when the client displayed challenging behaviours (CB). The attributions made by staff regarding CBs and whether these were related to the construct of EE were investigated. The behaviour which staff rated as most challenging was identified. Methodology This project used a within subjects design, obtaining quantitative data from 47 staff participants. Each participant was asked to identify a client who displayed CB and one who did not. Participants completed a Five Minute Speech Sample, Modified Attributional Questionnaire and Challenging Behaviour Scale for each client. Results Overall 89.4% of staff participants expressed high levels of EE in at least one of their Five Minute Speech Samples. Significantly more staff displayed high EE in relation to clients with CB than without CB. More critical comments were made in relation to clients with CB, whilst significantly more positive remarks were made in relation to clients without CB. Participants rated the behaviours displayed by challenging clients as significantly more specific to them, whilst behaviours of the non-challenging group were rated as more controllable by staff. Positive remarks and perceptions of control by staff had a significant positive relationship. The behaviour rated by staff as most challenging was physical aggression. Conclusions The proportion of staff who displayed high EE in this study was higher than rates found to date in studies with family caregivers of people with dementia. This study did not provide support for the attributional theory of EE. The results are considered to be consistent with the state theory of EE and the stress-vulnerability model, and the context of the dominant philosophy of person centred dementia care is explored."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/49597/1/2014LowenCPhD.pdf"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:publisher.department":["Norwich Medical School"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of East Anglia"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/49597/"],"dc:title":["Expressed Emotion and Attributions in Paid Dementia Care Staff Regarding Behaviour that Challenges."],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["doctoral"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["phd"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:12:03Z"}