{"id":{"repo_id":"durham","oai_identifier":"oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:780"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/durham/oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:780","repository":{"repo_id":"durham","name":"Durham University","base_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"The Behavioural Effects of Perspective-Taking: The Influence of Group Membership and Stereotype Threat","abstract":"Perspective-taking induced self-other overlap in cognitive representations has been lauded as a mechanism which promotes social bonds. The application of self (perspective-taker) to other (target of perspective-taking) leads to reduced stereotyping and prejudice, while the application of other to self increases the stereotypical behaviour of the perspective-taker (in line with the target stereotype). However, three experiments presented in this thesis suggest that this is not always the case when perspective-taker and target belong to different stereotyped groups. Focusing on the stereotype of women and maths, Experiment 1 found that perspective-taking when the perspective-taker and target belonged to different stereotyped groups did not result in behaviour consistent with the target-stereotype. Furthermore, evidence of behavioural contrast was found. Experiment 2 further examined the behavioural effects of perspective-taking when the perspective-taker was negatively stereotyped and the target was positively stereotyped; consistent with the first experiment, contrast effects were found following perspective-taking. Given the findings of the first two experiments, hypotheses regarding the outcome of an intervention designed to reduce stereotype threat using perspective-taking were revised (Experiment 3). Findings of Experiment 3 were consistent with Experiments 1 and 2, in that perspective-taking when the target was positively stereotyped did not reduce stereotype threat for women (negatively stereotyped). The findings of the three experiments were interpreted in line with the prime-to-behaviour literature, and specifically, behavioural contrast effects following priming with exemplars.","abstract_html":"Perspective-taking induced self-other overlap in cognitive representations has been lauded as a mechanism which promotes social bonds. The application of self (perspective-taker) to other (target of perspective-taking) leads to reduced stereotyping and prejudice, while the application of other to self increases the stereotypical behaviour of the perspective-taker (in line with the target stereotype). However, three experiments presented in this thesis suggest that this is not always the case when perspective-taker and target belong to different stereotyped groups. Focusing on the stereotype of women and maths, Experiment 1 found that perspective-taking when the perspective-taker and target belonged to different stereotyped groups did not result in behaviour consistent with the target-stereotype. Furthermore, evidence of behavioural contrast was found. Experiment 2 further examined the behavioural effects of perspective-taking when the perspective-taker was negatively stereotyped and the target was positively stereotyped; consistent with the first experiment, contrast effects were found following perspective-taking. Given the findings of the first two experiments, hypotheses regarding the outcome of an intervention designed to reduce stereotype threat using perspective-taking were revised (Experiment 3). Findings of Experiment 3 were consistent with Experiments 1 and 2, in that perspective-taking when the target was positively stereotyped did not reduce stereotype threat for women (negatively stereotyped). The findings of the three experiments were interpreted in line with the prime-to-behaviour literature, and specifically, behavioural contrast effects following priming with exemplars.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Seddon, Emma Louise"],"institution":"Durham University","degree_name":"Masters","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011","date_published":"2011","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:11:14Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Seddon, Emma Louise"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2011"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2011"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Psychology, Department of"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["Durham University"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/780/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["masters"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["Masters"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/780/1/EmmaSeddon_MScR_2011.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Perspective-taking induced self-other overlap in cognitive representations has been lauded as a mechanism which promotes social bonds. The application of self (perspective-taker) to other (target of perspective-taking) leads to reduced stereotyping and prejudice, while the application of other to self increases the stereotypical behaviour of the perspective-taker (in line with the target stereotype). However, three experiments presented in this thesis suggest that this is not always the case when perspective-taker and target belong to different stereotyped groups. Focusing on the stereotype of women and maths, Experiment 1 found that perspective-taking when the perspective-taker and target belonged to different stereotyped groups did not result in behaviour consistent with the target-stereotype. Furthermore, evidence of behavioural contrast was found. Experiment 2 further examined the behavioural effects of perspective-taking when the perspective-taker was negatively stereotyped and the target was positively stereotyped; consistent with the first experiment, contrast effects were found following perspective-taking. Given the findings of the first two experiments, hypotheses regarding the outcome of an intervention designed to reduce stereotype threat using perspective-taking were revised (Experiment 3). Findings of Experiment 3 were consistent with Experiments 1 and 2, in that perspective-taking when the target was positively stereotyped did not reduce stereotype threat for women (negatively stereotyped). The findings of the three experiments were interpreted in line with the prime-to-behaviour literature, and specifically, behavioural contrast effects following priming with exemplars."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["text"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Behavioural Effects of Perspective-Taking: The Influence of Group Membership and Stereotype Threat"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Seddon, Emma Louise"],"dc:date":["2011"],"dc:date.issued":["2011"],"dc:description.abstract":["Perspective-taking induced self-other overlap in cognitive representations has been lauded as a mechanism which promotes social bonds. The application of self (perspective-taker) to other (target of perspective-taking) leads to reduced stereotyping and prejudice, while the application of other to self increases the stereotypical behaviour of the perspective-taker (in line with the target stereotype). However, three experiments presented in this thesis suggest that this is not always the case when perspective-taker and target belong to different stereotyped groups. Focusing on the stereotype of women and maths, Experiment 1 found that perspective-taking when the perspective-taker and target belonged to different stereotyped groups did not result in behaviour consistent with the target-stereotype. Furthermore, evidence of behavioural contrast was found. Experiment 2 further examined the behavioural effects of perspective-taking when the perspective-taker was negatively stereotyped and the target was positively stereotyped; consistent with the first experiment, contrast effects were found following perspective-taking. Given the findings of the first two experiments, hypotheses regarding the outcome of an intervention designed to reduce stereotype threat using perspective-taking were revised (Experiment 3). Findings of Experiment 3 were consistent with Experiments 1 and 2, in that perspective-taking when the target was positively stereotyped did not reduce stereotype threat for women (negatively stereotyped). The findings of the three experiments were interpreted in line with the prime-to-behaviour literature, and specifically, behavioural contrast effects following priming with exemplars."],"dc:format":["text"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/780/1/EmmaSeddon_MScR_2011.pdf"],"dc:publisher.department":["Psychology, Department of"],"dc:publisher.institution":["Durham University"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/780/"],"dc:title":["The Behavioural Effects of Perspective-Taking: The Influence of Group Membership and Stereotype Threat"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["masters"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["Masters"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:11:14Z"}