{"id":{"repo_id":"durham","oai_identifier":"oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:329"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/durham/oai:etheses.durham.ac.uk:329","repository":{"repo_id":"durham","name":"Durham University","base_url":"http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Binding and Detection of Anions Using Tripodal Hosts","abstract":"The aim of this project was to investigate the anion-binding properties of a range of different receptor compounds. For the most part, the receptors reported here were tripodal in nature, wherein three hydrogen-bonding receptor groups, including amines, amides and ureas, are linked around a common structural core. In this study, a range of different cores were chosen, such as simple and flexible organic frameworks based on the tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) precursor, conformationally-restricted and brightly coloured aromatic species based on the dye pararosaniline, and triply-ligated metal complexes of ruthenium(II). In order to assess the anion binding abilities of these receptors, a range of different techniques were employed, with 1H-NMR and UV/Visible spectroscopic titrations being the most common. Additionally, the incorporation of fluorescent pyrene moieties as a reporter group to some of the receptors allowed for the probing of anion binding via fluorimetric titrations in these cases. During the course of the experiments, a number of interesting, and in some cases, unexpected, binding conformations were found – in particular, the interactions between many of the organic receptor compounds with the planar 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (trimesylate) trianion, and the pH dependency of the colour of the pararosaniline-based receptors. Additionally, the range of cyclic thioether-capped ruthenium(II) receptor compounds reported here showed an unusually high resistance to degradation by solvent and guest when compared to similar receptors with aromatic-capped ruthenium, and successfully gave tripodal ML3 complexes instead of the traditionally more stable ML2X dipodal complexes.","abstract_html":"The aim of this project was to investigate the anion-binding properties of a range of different receptor compounds. For the most part, the receptors reported here were tripodal in nature, wherein three hydrogen-bonding receptor groups, including amines, amides and ureas, are linked around a common structural core. In this study, a range of different cores were chosen, such as simple and flexible organic frameworks based on the tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) precursor, conformationally-restricted and brightly coloured aromatic species based on the dye pararosaniline, and triply-ligated metal complexes of ruthenium(II). In order to assess the anion binding abilities of these receptors, a range of different techniques were employed, with 1H-NMR and UV/Visible spectroscopic titrations being the most common. Additionally, the incorporation of fluorescent pyrene moieties as a reporter group to some of the receptors allowed for the probing of anion binding via fluorimetric titrations in these cases. During the course of the experiments, a number of interesting, and in some cases, unexpected, binding conformations were found – in particular, the interactions between many of the organic receptor compounds with the planar 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (trimesylate) trianion, and the pH dependency of the colour of the pararosaniline-based receptors. Additionally, the range of cyclic thioether-capped ruthenium(II) receptor compounds reported here showed an unusually high resistance to degradation by solvent and guest when compared to similar receptors with aromatic-capped ruthenium, and successfully gave tripodal ML3 complexes instead of the traditionally more stable ML2X dipodal complexes.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Todd, Adam Mitchell"],"institution":"Durham University","degree_name":"PhD","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010","date_published":"2010","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:11:07Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Todd, Adam Mitchell"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2010"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2010"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Chemistry, Department of"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["Durham University"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/329/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["PhD"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/329/1/AMTodd_Full_Thesis_-_corrected.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The aim of this project was to investigate the anion-binding properties of a range of different receptor compounds. For the most part, the receptors reported here were tripodal in nature, wherein three hydrogen-bonding receptor groups, including amines, amides and ureas, are linked around a common structural core. In this study, a range of different cores were chosen, such as simple and flexible organic frameworks based on the tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) precursor, conformationally-restricted and brightly coloured aromatic species based on the dye pararosaniline, and triply-ligated metal complexes of ruthenium(II). In order to assess the anion binding abilities of these receptors, a range of different techniques were employed, with 1H-NMR and UV/Visible spectroscopic titrations being the most common. Additionally, the incorporation of fluorescent pyrene moieties as a reporter group to some of the receptors allowed for the probing of anion binding via fluorimetric titrations in these cases. During the course of the experiments, a number of interesting, and in some cases, unexpected, binding conformations were found – in particular, the interactions between many of the organic receptor compounds with the planar 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (trimesylate) trianion, and the pH dependency of the colour of the pararosaniline-based receptors. Additionally, the range of cyclic thioether-capped ruthenium(II) receptor compounds reported here showed an unusually high resistance to degradation by solvent and guest when compared to similar receptors with aromatic-capped ruthenium, and successfully gave tripodal ML3 complexes instead of the traditionally more stable ML2X dipodal complexes."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["text"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Binding and Detection of Anions Using Tripodal Hosts"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Todd, Adam Mitchell"],"dc:date":["2010"],"dc:date.issued":["2010"],"dc:description.abstract":["The aim of this project was to investigate the anion-binding properties of a range of different receptor compounds. For the most part, the receptors reported here were tripodal in nature, wherein three hydrogen-bonding receptor groups, including amines, amides and ureas, are linked around a common structural core. In this study, a range of different cores were chosen, such as simple and flexible organic frameworks based on the tris(2-aminoethyl)amine (tren) precursor, conformationally-restricted and brightly coloured aromatic species based on the dye pararosaniline, and triply-ligated metal complexes of ruthenium(II). In order to assess the anion binding abilities of these receptors, a range of different techniques were employed, with 1H-NMR and UV/Visible spectroscopic titrations being the most common. Additionally, the incorporation of fluorescent pyrene moieties as a reporter group to some of the receptors allowed for the probing of anion binding via fluorimetric titrations in these cases. During the course of the experiments, a number of interesting, and in some cases, unexpected, binding conformations were found – in particular, the interactions between many of the organic receptor compounds with the planar 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate (trimesylate) trianion, and the pH dependency of the colour of the pararosaniline-based receptors. Additionally, the range of cyclic thioether-capped ruthenium(II) receptor compounds reported here showed an unusually high resistance to degradation by solvent and guest when compared to similar receptors with aromatic-capped ruthenium, and successfully gave tripodal ML3 complexes instead of the traditionally more stable ML2X dipodal complexes."],"dc:format":["text"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/329/1/AMTodd_Full_Thesis_-_corrected.pdf"],"dc:publisher.department":["Chemistry, Department of"],"dc:publisher.institution":["Durham University"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://etheses.durham.ac.uk/id/eprint/329/"],"dc:title":["Binding and Detection of Anions Using Tripodal Hosts"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["doctoral"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["PhD"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:11:07Z"}