Methods: COPD and asthma were identified using ICD-9 codes and were the main independent variables. Covariates included age, gender, race, income, region, insurance and marital status. Dependent variables were total health care, office-based, outpatient, inpatient, emergency room and prescription expenditures. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to fulfill the study objectives.
Results: Prevalence of COPD and asthma was 1.3 million and 28.3 million, respectively. Total direct incremental health care expenditures per person for COPD and asthma were $1,739.27 and $2,133.83, respectively. High cost categories among COPD and asthma included office-based, inpatient and prescription expenditures. Age, gender, region, insurance and marital status were significant predictors for health care expenditures.
Conclusion: Results highlight socio-demographic disparities and high health care expenditures due to COPD and asthma in the United States.","abstract_html":"Objective: To estimate national prevalence and direct incremental expenditures in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma using 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data.</p><p> Methods: COPD and asthma were identified using ICD-9 codes and were the main independent variables. Covariates included age, gender, race, income, region, insurance and marital status. Dependent variables were total health care, office-based, outpatient, inpatient, emergency room and prescription expenditures. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to fulfill the study objectives.</p><p> Results: Prevalence of COPD and asthma was 1.3 million and 28.3 million, respectively. Total direct incremental health care expenditures per person for COPD and asthma were $1,739.27 and $2,133.83, respectively. High cost categories among COPD and asthma included office-based, inpatient and prescription expenditures. Age, gender, region, insurance and marital status were significant predictors for health care expenditures.</p><p> Conclusion: Results highlight socio-demographic disparities and high health care expenditures due to COPD and asthma in the United States.","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Srivastava, Bhavini"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MS","degree_level":"Immediate Access","degree_discipline":"Pharmacy Administration","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Khalid M. Kamal","Jennifer Elliott","Gibbs Kanyongo"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2011,"date_issued":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2011-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:10:29Z","subjects":["Asthma","COPD","Cost"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1232","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Khalid M. Kamal","Jennifer Elliott","Gibbs Kanyongo"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Srivastava, Bhavini"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-03-28T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Pharmacy Administration"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Immediate Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MS"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Asthma","COPD","Cost"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1232"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Objective: To estimate national prevalence and direct incremental expenditures in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma using 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data.
Methods: COPD and asthma were identified using ICD-9 codes and were the main independent variables. Covariates included age, gender, race, income, region, insurance and marital status. Dependent variables were total health care, office-based, outpatient, inpatient, emergency room and prescription expenditures. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to fulfill the study objectives.
Results: Prevalence of COPD and asthma was 1.3 million and 28.3 million, respectively. Total direct incremental health care expenditures per person for COPD and asthma were $1,739.27 and $2,133.83, respectively. High cost categories among COPD and asthma included office-based, inpatient and prescription expenditures. Age, gender, region, insurance and marital status were significant predictors for health care expenditures.
Conclusion: Results highlight socio-demographic disparities and high health care expenditures due to COPD and asthma in the United States."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Direct Incremental Costs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma in United States - An Analysis of 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Data"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Khalid M. Kamal","Jennifer Elliott","Gibbs Kanyongo"],"dc:creator":["Srivastava, Bhavini"],"dc:date.available":["2018-03-28T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Objective: To estimate national prevalence and direct incremental expenditures in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and asthma using 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) data.
Methods: COPD and asthma were identified using ICD-9 codes and were the main independent variables. Covariates included age, gender, race, income, region, insurance and marital status. Dependent variables were total health care, office-based, outpatient, inpatient, emergency room and prescription expenditures. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to fulfill the study objectives.
Results: Prevalence of COPD and asthma was 1.3 million and 28.3 million, respectively. Total direct incremental health care expenditures per person for COPD and asthma were $1,739.27 and $2,133.83, respectively. High cost categories among COPD and asthma included office-based, inpatient and prescription expenditures. Age, gender, region, insurance and marital status were significant predictors for health care expenditures.
Conclusion: Results highlight socio-demographic disparities and high health care expenditures due to COPD and asthma in the United States."],"dc:identifier":["https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/1232"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["Asthma","COPD","Cost"],"dc:title":["Direct Incremental Costs in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Asthma in United States - An Analysis of 2007 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey Data"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Pharmacy Administration"],"thesis:degree_level":["Immediate Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["MS"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:10:29Z"}