Materials and Methods: Emulsions containing soybean oil, water, trifluoperazine hcl as an amphiphilic drug, phospholipon 90 and Tween 80 as surfactant blend were prepared using the Thin-layer hydration method. Z-average, polydispersity index, zeta potential of emulsions were determined. A fully randomized 2X2X2X2X2 statistical design was developed using JMP software. Optimal formulation was selected based on desirable properties of low z-average and polydispersity index, and high zeta potential. Stability of optimal formulation was determined using HPLC analysis and based on ICH specifications.
Results: Z-average of optimal formulation was 72.9nm with zeta potential value of 25.59 mV and polydispersity index 0.2. After storage for 3 months, z-average values were below 200nm indicating optimal formulation was not physically degraded. Drug content analysis showed chemical degradation due to reduction of potency.
Conclusions: Trifluoperazine nano-emulsions formulations had acceptable values of low z-average, low polydispersity index and high zeta potential and were physically stable but not chemically stable over 3 months.","abstract_html":"Objectives: 1.) To develop and characterize an optimal formulation of oil-in-water nano-emulsions of trifluoperazine for parenteral delivery. 2.) To perform short term stability testing of the optimal formulation and monitor the potency using high performance chromatography (HPLC).</p><p> Materials and Methods: Emulsions containing soybean oil, water, trifluoperazine hcl as an amphiphilic drug, phospholipon 90 and Tween 80 as surfactant blend were prepared using the Thin-layer hydration method. Z-average, polydispersity index, zeta potential of emulsions were determined. A fully randomized 2X2X2X2X2 statistical design was developed using JMP software. Optimal formulation was selected based on desirable properties of low z-average and polydispersity index, and high zeta potential. Stability of optimal formulation was determined using HPLC analysis and based on ICH specifications.</p><p> Results: Z-average of optimal formulation was 72.9nm with zeta potential value of 25.59 mV and polydispersity index 0.2. After storage for 3 months, z-average values were below 200nm indicating optimal formulation was not physically degraded. Drug content analysis showed chemical degradation due to reduction of potency. </p><p> Conclusions: Trifluoperazine nano-emulsions formulations had acceptable values of low z-average, low polydispersity index and high zeta potential and were physically stable but not chemically stable over 3 months.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Onadeko, Toluwalope"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"MS","degree_level":"Immediate Access","degree_discipline":"Pharmaceutics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Moji Christianah Adeyeye","Hideki Ichikawa","Wilson Meng"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2009,"date_issued":"2009-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:10:15Z","subjects":["Nano-emulsions","zeta potential","z-average","trifluoperazine","oil-in-water","Thin layer hydration method"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/995","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Moji Christianah Adeyeye","Hideki Ichikawa","Wilson Meng"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Onadeko, Toluwalope"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-03-28T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Pharmaceutics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Immediate Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["MS"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Nano-emulsions","zeta potential","z-average","trifluoperazine","oil-in-water","Thin layer hydration method"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/995"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Objectives: 1.) To develop and characterize an optimal formulation of oil-in-water nano-emulsions of trifluoperazine for parenteral delivery. 2.) To perform short term stability testing of the optimal formulation and monitor the potency using high performance chromatography (HPLC).
Materials and Methods: Emulsions containing soybean oil, water, trifluoperazine hcl as an amphiphilic drug, phospholipon 90 and Tween 80 as surfactant blend were prepared using the Thin-layer hydration method. Z-average, polydispersity index, zeta potential of emulsions were determined. A fully randomized 2X2X2X2X2 statistical design was developed using JMP software. Optimal formulation was selected based on desirable properties of low z-average and polydispersity index, and high zeta potential. Stability of optimal formulation was determined using HPLC analysis and based on ICH specifications.
Results: Z-average of optimal formulation was 72.9nm with zeta potential value of 25.59 mV and polydispersity index 0.2. After storage for 3 months, z-average values were below 200nm indicating optimal formulation was not physically degraded. Drug content analysis showed chemical degradation due to reduction of potency.
Conclusions: Trifluoperazine nano-emulsions formulations had acceptable values of low z-average, low polydispersity index and high zeta potential and were physically stable but not chemically stable over 3 months."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Preparation and Characterization Of Oil-in-water Nano-emulsions Of Trifluoperazine For Parenteral Drug Delivery"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Moji Christianah Adeyeye","Hideki Ichikawa","Wilson Meng"],"dc:creator":["Onadeko, Toluwalope"],"dc:date.available":["2018-03-28T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Objectives: 1.) To develop and characterize an optimal formulation of oil-in-water nano-emulsions of trifluoperazine for parenteral delivery. 2.) To perform short term stability testing of the optimal formulation and monitor the potency using high performance chromatography (HPLC).
Materials and Methods: Emulsions containing soybean oil, water, trifluoperazine hcl as an amphiphilic drug, phospholipon 90 and Tween 80 as surfactant blend were prepared using the Thin-layer hydration method. Z-average, polydispersity index, zeta potential of emulsions were determined. A fully randomized 2X2X2X2X2 statistical design was developed using JMP software. Optimal formulation was selected based on desirable properties of low z-average and polydispersity index, and high zeta potential. Stability of optimal formulation was determined using HPLC analysis and based on ICH specifications.
Results: Z-average of optimal formulation was 72.9nm with zeta potential value of 25.59 mV and polydispersity index 0.2. After storage for 3 months, z-average values were below 200nm indicating optimal formulation was not physically degraded. Drug content analysis showed chemical degradation due to reduction of potency.
Conclusions: Trifluoperazine nano-emulsions formulations had acceptable values of low z-average, low polydispersity index and high zeta potential and were physically stable but not chemically stable over 3 months."],"dc:identifier":["https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/995"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["Nano-emulsions","zeta potential","z-average","trifluoperazine","oil-in-water","Thin layer hydration method"],"dc:title":["Preparation and Characterization Of Oil-in-water Nano-emulsions Of Trifluoperazine For Parenteral Drug Delivery"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Pharmaceutics"],"thesis:degree_level":["Immediate Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["MS"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:10:15Z"}