{"id":{"repo_id":"duquesne","oai_identifier":"oai:dsc.duq.edu:etd-1440"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/duquesne/oai:dsc.duq.edu:etd-1440","repository":{"repo_id":"duquesne","name":"Duquesne","base_url":"https://dsc.duq.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"The Use of Relational, Social, and Overt Aggression in Overtly-Aggressive and Non-Overtly-Aggressive Females","abstract":"In this study, the researcher sought to examine whether differences existed in the use of relational, social, and overt aggression among previously-identified-overtly-aggressive and non-overtly-aggressive female adolescents. Specifically, explored were the relationships among types of aggression (overtly-aggressive and non-overtly-aggressive), age level (middle or high school), and cultural background/ethnicity (Caucasian or non-Caucasian), and the self-reported use of relational aggression, social aggression, and overt aggression. Results revealed that Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle and high school girls use relational aggression more often than Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle and high school girls, respectively. Similarly, Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle school girls use social aggression more often than Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle school girls. Additionally, non-Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle school females use social aggression significantly more often than non-Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle school females. Finally, overtly-aggressive females use overt aggression more often than non-overtly-aggressive females, and non-Caucasian females use overt aggression more often than Caucasian females. Implications for these findings are presented.","abstract_html":"In this study, the researcher sought to examine whether differences existed in the use of relational, social, and overt aggression among previously-identified-overtly-aggressive and non-overtly-aggressive female adolescents. Specifically, explored were the relationships among types of aggression (overtly-aggressive and non-overtly-aggressive), age level (middle or high school), and cultural background/ethnicity (Caucasian or non-Caucasian), and the self-reported use of relational aggression, social aggression, and overt aggression. Results revealed that Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle and high school girls use relational aggression more often than Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle and high school girls, respectively. Similarly, Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle school girls use social aggression more often than Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle school girls. Additionally, non-Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle school females use social aggression significantly more often than non-Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle school females. Finally, overtly-aggressive females use overt aggression more often than non-overtly-aggressive females, and non-Caucasian females use overt aggression more often than Caucasian females. Implications for these findings are presented.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Comstock, Leigh Ann"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"PhD","degree_level":"Immediate Access","degree_discipline":"School Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Laura Crothers","Ara Schmitt","James Schreiber"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2009,"date_issued":"2009-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2009-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:09:27Z","subjects":["aggression","overt aggression","relational aggression","social aggression"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/427","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Laura Crothers","Ara Schmitt","James Schreiber"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Comstock, Leigh Ann"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2018-08-03T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["School Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Immediate Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["PhD"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["aggression","overt aggression","relational aggression","social aggression"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/427"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In this study, the researcher sought to examine whether differences existed in the use of relational, social, and overt aggression among previously-identified-overtly-aggressive and non-overtly-aggressive female adolescents. Specifically, explored were the relationships among types of aggression (overtly-aggressive and non-overtly-aggressive), age level (middle or high school), and cultural background/ethnicity (Caucasian or non-Caucasian), and the self-reported use of relational aggression, social aggression, and overt aggression. Results revealed that Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle and high school girls use relational aggression more often than Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle and high school girls, respectively. Similarly, Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle school girls use social aggression more often than Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle school girls. Additionally, non-Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle school females use social aggression significantly more often than non-Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle school females. Finally, overtly-aggressive females use overt aggression more often than non-overtly-aggressive females, and non-Caucasian females use overt aggression more often than Caucasian females. Implications for these findings are presented."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Use of Relational, Social, and Overt Aggression in Overtly-Aggressive and Non-Overtly-Aggressive Females"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Laura Crothers","Ara Schmitt","James Schreiber"],"dc:creator":["Comstock, Leigh Ann"],"dc:date.available":["2018-08-03T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["In this study, the researcher sought to examine whether differences existed in the use of relational, social, and overt aggression among previously-identified-overtly-aggressive and non-overtly-aggressive female adolescents. Specifically, explored were the relationships among types of aggression (overtly-aggressive and non-overtly-aggressive), age level (middle or high school), and cultural background/ethnicity (Caucasian or non-Caucasian), and the self-reported use of relational aggression, social aggression, and overt aggression. Results revealed that Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle and high school girls use relational aggression more often than Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle and high school girls, respectively. Similarly, Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle school girls use social aggression more often than Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle school girls. Additionally, non-Caucasian, non-overtly-aggressive middle school females use social aggression significantly more often than non-Caucasian, overtly-aggressive middle school females. Finally, overtly-aggressive females use overt aggression more often than non-overtly-aggressive females, and non-Caucasian females use overt aggression more often than Caucasian females. Implications for these findings are presented."],"dc:identifier":["https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/427"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["aggression","overt aggression","relational aggression","social aggression"],"dc:title":["The Use of Relational, Social, and Overt Aggression in Overtly-Aggressive and Non-Overtly-Aggressive Females"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["School Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Immediate Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["PhD"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:09:27Z"}