Certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs) are required to work with one of the nation’s most vulnerable populations—people with disabilities. In order for CRCs to deliver optimum services and stay mentally nourished, a healthy working environment is essential. Workplace bullying is defined by WBI (2014) as “repeated, health harming mistreatment of one or more persons.” Workplace bullying can take many forms, such as threats, humiliation, intimidation, sabotaging a target’s work, and verbal and physical abuse.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a prevalence in CRCs’ experiencing workplace bullying and their levels of depression. The dependent variables included CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying and levels of depression as measured on the BDI-II.
This study employed a descriptive survey research design to determine the nature and frequency of workplace bullying. The BDI-II was used to determine levels of depression. The findings revealed that CRCs are experiencing workplace bullying and high levels of depression as measured by the BDI-II.
The Workplace Psychologically Violent Behavior instrument was used to measure the frequency of CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying. The BDI-II measured the levels of depression in CRCs. The null hypothesis was retained in three of the six hypotheses. However, the null hypotheses were rejected in the remaining three hypotheses, including those related to the prevalence of CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying, incidences of depression in the population of CRCs, and the gender of CRCs experiencing depression. A significant difference was found in female CRCs’ experience of depression as analyzed by the t scores. The study raised issues concerning the relationship between workplace bullying in CRCs and levels of depression which have important implications for future research.
","abstract_html":"<p>Certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs) are required to work with one of the nation’s most vulnerable populations—people with disabilities. In order for CRCs to deliver optimum services and stay mentally nourished, a healthy working environment is essential. Workplace bullying is defined by WBI (2014) as “repeated, health harming mistreatment of one or more persons.” Workplace bullying can take many forms, such as threats, humiliation, intimidation, sabotaging a target’s work, and verbal and physical abuse.</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a prevalence in CRCs’ experiencing workplace bullying and their levels of depression. The dependent variables included CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying and levels of depression as measured on the BDI-II.</p> <p>This study employed a descriptive survey research design to determine the nature and frequency of workplace bullying. The BDI-II was used to determine levels of depression. The findings revealed that CRCs are experiencing workplace bullying and high levels of depression as measured by the BDI-II.</p> <p>The Workplace Psychologically Violent Behavior instrument was used to measure the frequency of CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying. The BDI-II measured the levels of depression in CRCs. The null hypothesis was retained in three of the six hypotheses. However, the null hypotheses were rejected in the remaining three hypotheses, including those related to the prevalence of CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying, incidences of depression in the population of CRCs, and the gender of CRCs experiencing depression. A significant difference was found in female CRCs’ experience of depression as analyzed by the t scores. The study raised issues concerning the relationship between workplace bullying in CRCs and levels of depression which have important implications for future research.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Shuma Rudberg, Mary R."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"EdD","degree_level":"Immediate Access","degree_discipline":"Counselor Education and Supervision (ExCES)","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Lisa Lopez Levers","Scott Massey","Gibbs Kanyongo"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:09:13Z","subjects":["Beck Depression II Inventory; Bronfenbrenner; certified rehabilitation counseling; depression; workplace bullying; Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviors Survey"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/188","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Lisa Lopez Levers","Scott Massey","Gibbs Kanyongo"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Shuma Rudberg, Mary R."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-08-10T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Counselor Education and Supervision (ExCES)"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Immediate Access"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["EdD"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Beck Depression II Inventory; Bronfenbrenner; certified rehabilitation counseling; depression; workplace bullying; Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviors Survey"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/188"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs) are required to work with one of the nation’s most vulnerable populations—people with disabilities. In order for CRCs to deliver optimum services and stay mentally nourished, a healthy working environment is essential. Workplace bullying is defined by WBI (2014) as “repeated, health harming mistreatment of one or more persons.” Workplace bullying can take many forms, such as threats, humiliation, intimidation, sabotaging a target’s work, and verbal and physical abuse.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a prevalence in CRCs’ experiencing workplace bullying and their levels of depression. The dependent variables included CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying and levels of depression as measured on the BDI-II.
This study employed a descriptive survey research design to determine the nature and frequency of workplace bullying. The BDI-II was used to determine levels of depression. The findings revealed that CRCs are experiencing workplace bullying and high levels of depression as measured by the BDI-II.
The Workplace Psychologically Violent Behavior instrument was used to measure the frequency of CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying. The BDI-II measured the levels of depression in CRCs. The null hypothesis was retained in three of the six hypotheses. However, the null hypotheses were rejected in the remaining three hypotheses, including those related to the prevalence of CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying, incidences of depression in the population of CRCs, and the gender of CRCs experiencing depression. A significant difference was found in female CRCs’ experience of depression as analyzed by the t scores. The study raised issues concerning the relationship between workplace bullying in CRCs and levels of depression which have important implications for future research.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Workplace Bullying in Certified Rehabilitation Counselors and Levels of Depression as Measured with the BDI®-II AND WPVB"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Lisa Lopez Levers","Scott Massey","Gibbs Kanyongo"],"dc:creator":["Shuma Rudberg, Mary R."],"dc:date.available":["2017-08-10T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Certified rehabilitation counselors (CRCs) are required to work with one of the nation’s most vulnerable populations—people with disabilities. In order for CRCs to deliver optimum services and stay mentally nourished, a healthy working environment is essential. Workplace bullying is defined by WBI (2014) as “repeated, health harming mistreatment of one or more persons.” Workplace bullying can take many forms, such as threats, humiliation, intimidation, sabotaging a target’s work, and verbal and physical abuse.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether there is a prevalence in CRCs’ experiencing workplace bullying and their levels of depression. The dependent variables included CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying and levels of depression as measured on the BDI-II.
This study employed a descriptive survey research design to determine the nature and frequency of workplace bullying. The BDI-II was used to determine levels of depression. The findings revealed that CRCs are experiencing workplace bullying and high levels of depression as measured by the BDI-II.
The Workplace Psychologically Violent Behavior instrument was used to measure the frequency of CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying. The BDI-II measured the levels of depression in CRCs. The null hypothesis was retained in three of the six hypotheses. However, the null hypotheses were rejected in the remaining three hypotheses, including those related to the prevalence of CRCs’ experience of workplace bullying, incidences of depression in the population of CRCs, and the gender of CRCs experiencing depression. A significant difference was found in female CRCs’ experience of depression as analyzed by the t scores. The study raised issues concerning the relationship between workplace bullying in CRCs and levels of depression which have important implications for future research.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://dsc.duq.edu/etd/188"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["Beck Depression II Inventory; Bronfenbrenner; certified rehabilitation counseling; depression; workplace bullying; Workplace Psychologically Violent Behaviors Survey"],"dc:title":["Workplace Bullying in Certified Rehabilitation Counselors and Levels of Depression as Measured with the BDI®-II AND WPVB"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Counselor Education and Supervision (ExCES)"],"thesis:degree_level":["Immediate Access"],"thesis:degree_name":["EdD"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:09:13Z"}