{"id":{"repo_id":"dundee","oai_identifier":"oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/dundee/oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8","repository":{"repo_id":"dundee","name":"University of Dundee","base_url":"https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/oai"},"display":{"title":"Investigation of Silver Enhanced Dental Restorative Materials by the Development of an In Vitro Oral Biofilm Model","abstract":"Generally, in vitro oral biofilm models are commonly used to help in ‎understanding the complex processes and the factors affecting oral diseases. They help ‎to accurately predict, in a controlled and simplified way, a clinical outcome which can ‎lead us to preventive actions for a disease (Salli and Ouwehand, 2015).‎The complexity of biofilm research requires different approaches to address ‎various questions. Furthermore, models cannot capture all of the details involved with ‎disease formation, however it is considered a way of performing a reproducible ‎experiment under controlled conditions. Obviously there are ethical limitations with in ‎vivo studies in relation to caries and periodontal diseases. Therefore, different in vitro ‎techniques have been developed and are continuously improved to better address the ‎study question, to help interpret the results and to obtain as much information as ‎possible with other than clinical testing (Salli and Ouwehand, 2015).‎This project aimed at developing a robust in vitro oral biofilm model to ‎determine the effectiveness of enhanced dental restorative materials using antimicrobial ‎additives. It is focused on the antibacterial and mechanical properties of novel silver ‎formulations that have been combined with glass ionomer cement. Three out of nine ‎bacterial species considered to be early colonisers (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus ‎mutans, & Neisseria subflava) were inoculated at 0.1 OD600 into wells containing ‎sterile glass-ionomer disks. The established artificial saliva media DMM (Defined ‎Medium Mucin) was used for 24-48Hrs studies, conducted under aerobic and anaerobic ‎conditions.‎Following incubation, the disks were washed with PBS (Phosphate Buffer ‎Saline) in a series of up to five, twelve minute steps. The bacterial community within the ‎well, loosely attached to the well surface and the disk, and finally the bacteria intimately ‎attached to the surface were determined using a viable count of Colony Forming Unit ‎Count (CFUs), a MTT metabolic assay and DNA quantification. Three silver solutions ‎were developed with different ionic concentrations, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 13mg/ml. ‎The addition of polyvinyl alcohol to stabilise the 10mg/ml solution was investigated and ‎along with the MIC/MBC and the effect on the ability of three bacterial species to ‎survive and colonise glass ionomer disks was determined. In addition, compressive ‎strength, hardness and adhesive shear bond strength of each glass-ionomer silver disk ‎was assayed and compared with the base line glass-ionomer.‎The biofilm model favoured survival of S. oralis under aerobic conditions and N. ‎subflava and S. oralis under anaerobic conditions. Silver formulations proved to have ‎effects on both strength and antimicrobial activity. Specifically, 5mg/ml proved more ‎antibacterial than 10mg/ml silver. Compressive strength was enhanced for both ‎concentrations of additive, however bond strength became compromised at the higher ‎concentration.‎This model proved its efficiency to test the antibacterial activity of silver ‎enhanced glass ionomer cement in the presence of artificial saliva. Furthermore, addition ‎of 5mg/ml silver to the glass ionomer cement enhanced antibacterial activity and ‎physical properties significantly.‎","abstract_html":"Generally, in vitro oral biofilm models are commonly used to help in ‎understanding the complex processes and the factors affecting oral diseases. They help ‎to accurately predict, in a controlled and simplified way, a clinical outcome which can ‎lead us to preventive actions for a disease (Salli and Ouwehand, 2015).‎The complexity of biofilm research requires different approaches to address ‎various questions. Furthermore, models cannot capture all of the details involved with ‎disease formation, however it is considered a way of performing a reproducible ‎experiment under controlled conditions. Obviously there are ethical limitations with in ‎vivo studies in relation to caries and periodontal diseases. Therefore, different in vitro ‎techniques have been developed and are continuously improved to better address the ‎study question, to help interpret the results and to obtain as much information as ‎possible with other than clinical testing (Salli and Ouwehand, 2015).‎This project aimed at developing a robust in vitro oral biofilm model to ‎determine the effectiveness of enhanced dental restorative materials using antimicrobial ‎additives. It is focused on the antibacterial and mechanical properties of novel silver ‎formulations that have been combined with glass ionomer cement. Three out of nine ‎bacterial species considered to be early colonisers (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus ‎mutans, & Neisseria subflava) were inoculated at 0.1 OD600 into wells containing ‎sterile glass-ionomer disks. The established artificial saliva media DMM (Defined ‎Medium Mucin) was used for 24-48Hrs studies, conducted under aerobic and anaerobic ‎conditions.‎Following incubation, the disks were washed with PBS (Phosphate Buffer ‎Saline) in a series of up to five, twelve minute steps. The bacterial community within the ‎well, loosely attached to the well surface and the disk, and finally the bacteria intimately ‎attached to the surface were determined using a viable count of Colony Forming Unit ‎Count (CFUs), a MTT metabolic assay and DNA quantification. Three silver solutions ‎were developed with different ionic concentrations, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 13mg/ml. ‎The addition of polyvinyl alcohol to stabilise the 10mg/ml solution was investigated and ‎along with the MIC/MBC and the effect on the ability of three bacterial species to ‎survive and colonise glass ionomer disks was determined. In addition, compressive ‎strength, hardness and adhesive shear bond strength of each glass-ionomer silver disk ‎was assayed and compared with the base line glass-ionomer.‎The biofilm model favoured survival of S. oralis under aerobic conditions and N. ‎subflava and S. oralis under anaerobic conditions. Silver formulations proved to have ‎effects on both strength and antimicrobial activity. Specifically, 5mg/ml proved more ‎antibacterial than 10mg/ml silver. Compressive strength was enhanced for both ‎concentrations of additive, however bond strength became compromised at the higher ‎concentration.‎This model proved its efficiency to test the antibacterial activity of silver ‎enhanced glass ionomer cement in the presence of artificial saliva. Furthermore, addition ‎of 5mg/ml silver to the glass ionomer cement enhanced antibacterial activity and ‎physical properties significantly.‎","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Elmanaseer, Wijdan Radwan"],"institution":"University of Dundee","degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy","degree_level":"Doctoral Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Hector, Mark","Edwards, David"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2018,"date_issued":"2018","date_published":"2018","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:08:32Z","subjects":[],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8"],"render_values":[{"text":"oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Hector, Mark","Edwards, David"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.sponsor","label":"Sponsor","values":["University of Jordan"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Elmanaseer, Wijdan Radwan"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2018"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2018"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Dundee"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Doctoral Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["Doctor of Philosophy"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights.embargodate","label":"Dc Rights Embargodate","values":["2019-01-31"]},{"key":"dc:rights.embargoreason","label":"Dc Rights Embargoreason","values":["/dk/atira/pure/core/document/studentthesisembargoreason/commercialexploitation"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8","https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/files/20017597/Elmanaseer_W_Thesis.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Generally, in vitro oral biofilm models are commonly used to help in ‎understanding the complex processes and the factors affecting oral diseases. They help ‎to accurately predict, in a controlled and simplified way, a clinical outcome which can ‎lead us to preventive actions for a disease (Salli and Ouwehand, 2015).‎The complexity of biofilm research requires different approaches to address ‎various questions. Furthermore, models cannot capture all of the details involved with ‎disease formation, however it is considered a way of performing a reproducible ‎experiment under controlled conditions. Obviously there are ethical limitations with in ‎vivo studies in relation to caries and periodontal diseases. Therefore, different in vitro ‎techniques have been developed and are continuously improved to better address the ‎study question, to help interpret the results and to obtain as much information as ‎possible with other than clinical testing (Salli and Ouwehand, 2015).‎This project aimed at developing a robust in vitro oral biofilm model to ‎determine the effectiveness of enhanced dental restorative materials using antimicrobial ‎additives. It is focused on the antibacterial and mechanical properties of novel silver ‎formulations that have been combined with glass ionomer cement. Three out of nine ‎bacterial species considered to be early colonisers (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus ‎mutans, & Neisseria subflava) were inoculated at 0.1 OD600 into wells containing ‎sterile glass-ionomer disks. The established artificial saliva media DMM (Defined ‎Medium Mucin) was used for 24-48Hrs studies, conducted under aerobic and anaerobic ‎conditions.‎Following incubation, the disks were washed with PBS (Phosphate Buffer ‎Saline) in a series of up to five, twelve minute steps. The bacterial community within the ‎well, loosely attached to the well surface and the disk, and finally the bacteria intimately ‎attached to the surface were determined using a viable count of Colony Forming Unit ‎Count (CFUs), a MTT metabolic assay and DNA quantification. Three silver solutions ‎were developed with different ionic concentrations, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 13mg/ml. ‎The addition of polyvinyl alcohol to stabilise the 10mg/ml solution was investigated and ‎along with the MIC/MBC and the effect on the ability of three bacterial species to ‎survive and colonise glass ionomer disks was determined. In addition, compressive ‎strength, hardness and adhesive shear bond strength of each glass-ionomer silver disk ‎was assayed and compared with the base line glass-ionomer.‎The biofilm model favoured survival of S. oralis under aerobic conditions and N. ‎subflava and S. oralis under anaerobic conditions. Silver formulations proved to have ‎effects on both strength and antimicrobial activity. Specifically, 5mg/ml proved more ‎antibacterial than 10mg/ml silver. Compressive strength was enhanced for both ‎concentrations of additive, however bond strength became compromised at the higher ‎concentration.‎This model proved its efficiency to test the antibacterial activity of silver ‎enhanced glass ionomer cement in the presence of artificial saliva. Furthermore, addition ‎of 5mg/ml silver to the glass ionomer cement enhanced antibacterial activity and ‎physical properties significantly.‎"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Investigation of Silver Enhanced Dental Restorative Materials by the Development of an In Vitro Oral Biofilm Model"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Hector, Mark","Edwards, David"],"dc:contributor.sponsor":["University of Jordan"],"dc:creator":["Elmanaseer, Wijdan Radwan"],"dc:date":["2018"],"dc:date.issued":["2018"],"dc:description.abstract":["Generally, in vitro oral biofilm models are commonly used to help in ‎understanding the complex processes and the factors affecting oral diseases. They help ‎to accurately predict, in a controlled and simplified way, a clinical outcome which can ‎lead us to preventive actions for a disease (Salli and Ouwehand, 2015).‎The complexity of biofilm research requires different approaches to address ‎various questions. Furthermore, models cannot capture all of the details involved with ‎disease formation, however it is considered a way of performing a reproducible ‎experiment under controlled conditions. Obviously there are ethical limitations with in ‎vivo studies in relation to caries and periodontal diseases. Therefore, different in vitro ‎techniques have been developed and are continuously improved to better address the ‎study question, to help interpret the results and to obtain as much information as ‎possible with other than clinical testing (Salli and Ouwehand, 2015).‎This project aimed at developing a robust in vitro oral biofilm model to ‎determine the effectiveness of enhanced dental restorative materials using antimicrobial ‎additives. It is focused on the antibacterial and mechanical properties of novel silver ‎formulations that have been combined with glass ionomer cement. Three out of nine ‎bacterial species considered to be early colonisers (Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus ‎mutans, & Neisseria subflava) were inoculated at 0.1 OD600 into wells containing ‎sterile glass-ionomer disks. The established artificial saliva media DMM (Defined ‎Medium Mucin) was used for 24-48Hrs studies, conducted under aerobic and anaerobic ‎conditions.‎Following incubation, the disks were washed with PBS (Phosphate Buffer ‎Saline) in a series of up to five, twelve minute steps. The bacterial community within the ‎well, loosely attached to the well surface and the disk, and finally the bacteria intimately ‎attached to the surface were determined using a viable count of Colony Forming Unit ‎Count (CFUs), a MTT metabolic assay and DNA quantification. Three silver solutions ‎were developed with different ionic concentrations, 5mg/ml, 10mg/ml and 13mg/ml. ‎The addition of polyvinyl alcohol to stabilise the 10mg/ml solution was investigated and ‎along with the MIC/MBC and the effect on the ability of three bacterial species to ‎survive and colonise glass ionomer disks was determined. In addition, compressive ‎strength, hardness and adhesive shear bond strength of each glass-ionomer silver disk ‎was assayed and compared with the base line glass-ionomer.‎The biofilm model favoured survival of S. oralis under aerobic conditions and N. ‎subflava and S. oralis under anaerobic conditions. Silver formulations proved to have ‎effects on both strength and antimicrobial activity. Specifically, 5mg/ml proved more ‎antibacterial than 10mg/ml silver. Compressive strength was enhanced for both ‎concentrations of additive, however bond strength became compromised at the higher ‎concentration.‎This model proved its efficiency to test the antibacterial activity of silver ‎enhanced glass ionomer cement in the presence of artificial saliva. Furthermore, addition ‎of 5mg/ml silver to the glass ionomer cement enhanced antibacterial activity and ‎physical properties significantly.‎"],"dc:identifier":["oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8","https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/files/20017597/Elmanaseer_W_Thesis.pdf"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Dundee"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/ee764157-bdaa-4407-b4ee-92093c89c3f8"],"dc:rights.embargodate":["2019-01-31"],"dc:rights.embargoreason":["/dk/atira/pure/core/document/studentthesisembargoreason/commercialexploitation"],"dc:title":["Investigation of Silver Enhanced Dental Restorative Materials by the Development of an In Vitro Oral Biofilm Model"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Doctoral Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["Doctor of Philosophy"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:08:32Z"}