{"id":{"repo_id":"dundee","oai_identifier":"oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/dundee/oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55","repository":{"repo_id":"dundee","name":"University of Dundee","base_url":"https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/oai"},"display":{"title":"Identification and Characterisation of the Barley Row-Type Gene <i>VRS3 </i>","abstract":"Barley row-type describes the number of grains present at a node on the barley spike. Two forms exist amongst cultivated barley: two-rowed with only the central of three spikelets fertile producing a single grain at a node and six-rowed with all three spikelets fertile, producing three grain at a node. Twelve regions of the barley genome have been associated with the row-type character with specific genes identified at three loci, <i>VRS1</i>, <i>VRS4</i> and <i>INT-C</i>. Advancements in the understanding of the genetic control underpinning barley row-type enables the identification of potential mechanisms for improving yield and yield architecture within the cereals. <br/>This study used genetic linkage mapping in segregating F2 populations to refine the genetic location of the row-type locus, <i>VRS3</i>, to 16 candidate genes on barley chromosome 1H. Sequencing candidate loci in 32 <i>vrs3</i> induced mutant alleles identified <i>VRS3</i> to be a highly conserved JmjC histone demethylase, with two natural alleles within European cultivated barley. <i>VRS3</i> was further characterised as a potential means of improving grain uniformity within cultivated six-rowed barley, through phenotypic assessment of grain size in varying allele combinations of <i>VRS3</i>, <i>VRS1</i> and <i>INT-C</i>. The addition of six-rowed alleles at these loci was found to improve balance between central and lateral grain parameters, resulting in a more uniform grain sample. Analysis of gene expression found <i>Vrs3</i> to be constitutively expressed across a diverse panel of barley tissues. Moreover, detailed study within the developing inflorescence suggests a role for <i>Vrs3</i> in the regulation of the row-type genes <i>VRS1</i> and <i>INT-C. </i>","abstract_html":"Barley row-type describes the number of grains present at a node on the barley spike. Two forms exist amongst cultivated barley: two-rowed with only the central of three spikelets fertile producing a single grain at a node and six-rowed with all three spikelets fertile, producing three grain at a node. Twelve regions of the barley genome have been associated with the row-type character with specific genes identified at three loci, &lt;i&gt;VRS1&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;VRS4&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;INT-C&lt;/i&gt;. Advancements in the understanding of the genetic control underpinning barley row-type enables the identification of potential mechanisms for improving yield and yield architecture within the cereals. &lt;br/&gt;This study used genetic linkage mapping in segregating F2 populations to refine the genetic location of the row-type locus, &lt;i&gt;VRS3&lt;/i&gt;, to 16 candidate genes on barley chromosome 1H. Sequencing candidate loci in 32 &lt;i&gt;vrs3&lt;/i&gt; induced mutant alleles identified &lt;i&gt;VRS3&lt;/i&gt; to be a highly conserved JmjC histone demethylase, with two natural alleles within European cultivated barley. &lt;i&gt;VRS3&lt;/i&gt; was further characterised as a potential means of improving grain uniformity within cultivated six-rowed barley, through phenotypic assessment of grain size in varying allele combinations of &lt;i&gt;VRS3&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;VRS1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;INT-C&lt;/i&gt;. The addition of six-rowed alleles at these loci was found to improve balance between central and lateral grain parameters, resulting in a more uniform grain sample. Analysis of gene expression found &lt;i&gt;Vrs3&lt;/i&gt; to be constitutively expressed across a diverse panel of barley tissues. Moreover, detailed study within the developing inflorescence suggests a role for &lt;i&gt;Vrs3&lt;/i&gt; in the regulation of the row-type genes &lt;i&gt;VRS1&lt;/i&gt; and &lt;i&gt;INT-C. &lt;/i&gt;","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bull, Hazel Joanne"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy","degree_level":"Doctoral Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Waugh, Robert","Thomas, Bill"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015","date_published":"2015","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:08:12Z","subjects":["Barley","Genetics","Row-type","Inflorescence","Morphology"],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55"],"render_values":[{"text":"oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Waugh, Robert","Thomas, Bill"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bull, Hazel Joanne"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2015"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Plant Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Doctoral Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["Doctor of Philosophy"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Barley","Genetics","Row-type","Inflorescence","Morphology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights.embargodate","label":"Dc Rights Embargodate","values":["2017-07-01"]},{"key":"dc:rights.embargoreason","label":"Dc Rights Embargoreason","values":["/dk/atira/pure/core/document/studentthesisembargoreason/commercialexploitation"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55","https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/files/8177008/Hazel_Bull_PhD_thesis_final_version_04032016.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Barley row-type describes the number of grains present at a node on the barley spike. Two forms exist amongst cultivated barley: two-rowed with only the central of three spikelets fertile producing a single grain at a node and six-rowed with all three spikelets fertile, producing three grain at a node. Twelve regions of the barley genome have been associated with the row-type character with specific genes identified at three loci, <i>VRS1</i>, <i>VRS4</i> and <i>INT-C</i>. Advancements in the understanding of the genetic control underpinning barley row-type enables the identification of potential mechanisms for improving yield and yield architecture within the cereals. <br/>This study used genetic linkage mapping in segregating F2 populations to refine the genetic location of the row-type locus, <i>VRS3</i>, to 16 candidate genes on barley chromosome 1H. Sequencing candidate loci in 32 <i>vrs3</i> induced mutant alleles identified <i>VRS3</i> to be a highly conserved JmjC histone demethylase, with two natural alleles within European cultivated barley. <i>VRS3</i> was further characterised as a potential means of improving grain uniformity within cultivated six-rowed barley, through phenotypic assessment of grain size in varying allele combinations of <i>VRS3</i>, <i>VRS1</i> and <i>INT-C</i>. The addition of six-rowed alleles at these loci was found to improve balance between central and lateral grain parameters, resulting in a more uniform grain sample. Analysis of gene expression found <i>Vrs3</i> to be constitutively expressed across a diverse panel of barley tissues. Moreover, detailed study within the developing inflorescence suggests a role for <i>Vrs3</i> in the regulation of the row-type genes <i>VRS1</i> and <i>INT-C. </i>"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Identification and Characterisation of the Barley Row-Type Gene <i>VRS3 </i>"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Waugh, Robert","Thomas, Bill"],"dc:creator":["Bull, Hazel Joanne"],"dc:date":["2015"],"dc:date.issued":["2015"],"dc:description.abstract":["Barley row-type describes the number of grains present at a node on the barley spike. Two forms exist amongst cultivated barley: two-rowed with only the central of three spikelets fertile producing a single grain at a node and six-rowed with all three spikelets fertile, producing three grain at a node. Twelve regions of the barley genome have been associated with the row-type character with specific genes identified at three loci, <i>VRS1</i>, <i>VRS4</i> and <i>INT-C</i>. Advancements in the understanding of the genetic control underpinning barley row-type enables the identification of potential mechanisms for improving yield and yield architecture within the cereals. <br/>This study used genetic linkage mapping in segregating F2 populations to refine the genetic location of the row-type locus, <i>VRS3</i>, to 16 candidate genes on barley chromosome 1H. Sequencing candidate loci in 32 <i>vrs3</i> induced mutant alleles identified <i>VRS3</i> to be a highly conserved JmjC histone demethylase, with two natural alleles within European cultivated barley. <i>VRS3</i> was further characterised as a potential means of improving grain uniformity within cultivated six-rowed barley, through phenotypic assessment of grain size in varying allele combinations of <i>VRS3</i>, <i>VRS1</i> and <i>INT-C</i>. The addition of six-rowed alleles at these loci was found to improve balance between central and lateral grain parameters, resulting in a more uniform grain sample. Analysis of gene expression found <i>Vrs3</i> to be constitutively expressed across a diverse panel of barley tissues. Moreover, detailed study within the developing inflorescence suggests a role for <i>Vrs3</i> in the regulation of the row-type genes <i>VRS1</i> and <i>INT-C. </i>"],"dc:identifier":["oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55","https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/files/8177008/Hazel_Bull_PhD_thesis_final_version_04032016.pdf"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher.department":["Plant Sciences"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55"],"dc:rights.embargodate":["2017-07-01"],"dc:rights.embargoreason":["/dk/atira/pure/core/document/studentthesisembargoreason/commercialexploitation"],"dc:subject":["Barley","Genetics","Row-type","Inflorescence","Morphology"],"dc:title":["Identification and Characterisation of the Barley Row-Type Gene <i>VRS3 </i>"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Doctoral Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["Doctor of Philosophy"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:08:12Z"}