{"id":{"repo_id":"dundee","oai_identifier":"oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/dundee/oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39","repository":{"repo_id":"dundee","name":"University of Dundee","base_url":"https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/ws/oai"},"display":{"title":"Evaluation of the Potential Expansion Mechanisms of Bottom Ash in Unbound Sub-base Materials","abstract":"The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the potential for bottom ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste to undergo chemical reactions which could lead to expansion when used as an unbound granular fill<br/>This paper sets out the experimental results obtained from testing of the Incinerator Bottom Ash under several procedures. A literature review was carried out to determine the common characteristics of bottom ash, from the literature review a series of tests were chosen to characterise certain properties of the material.<br/>Several mix proportions of IBA and chemical additions of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) were made to hasten chemical reactions. Several standard tests and new hybrid tests were performed to determine the properties of the mix proportions. Tests such as rapid evaluation of expansion, X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray fluorescence, pH testing, microscopic examination, magnetic separation analysis, Thermogravimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy and accelerated chemical reactions.<br/>Results showed that expansion appears to be through two mechanisms, unpredictable relaxation of compacted material and more notably the formation of expansive gels promoted by alkaline conditions.","abstract_html":"The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the potential for bottom ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste to undergo chemical reactions which could lead to expansion when used as an unbound granular fill&lt;br/&gt;This paper sets out the experimental results obtained from testing of the Incinerator Bottom Ash under several procedures. A literature review was carried out to determine the common characteristics of bottom ash, from the literature review a series of tests were chosen to characterise certain properties of the material.&lt;br/&gt;Several mix proportions of IBA and chemical additions of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) were made to hasten chemical reactions. Several standard tests and new hybrid tests were performed to determine the properties of the mix proportions. Tests such as rapid evaluation of expansion, X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray fluorescence, pH testing, microscopic examination, magnetic separation analysis, Thermogravimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy and accelerated chemical reactions.&lt;br/&gt;Results showed that expansion appears to be through two mechanisms, unpredictable relaxation of compacted material and more notably the formation of expansive gels promoted by alkaline conditions.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Mac Giolla Bhride, Padraic"],"institution":"University of Dundee","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"Master's Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Dyer, Thomas"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015","date_published":"2015","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:08:12Z","subjects":[],"languages":["eng"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39"],"render_values":[{"text":"oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Dyer, Thomas"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Mac Giolla Bhride, Padraic"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2015"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Concrete Technology Unit"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Dundee"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Master's Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["Master of Science"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights.embargodate","label":"Dc Rights Embargodate","values":["2016-11-26"]},{"key":"dc:rights.embargoreason","label":"Dc Rights Embargoreason","values":["/dk/atira/pure/core/document/studentthesisembargoreason/no_embargo_required"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39","https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/files/7560845/EVALUATION_OF_THE_POTENTIAL_EXPANSION_MECHANISMS_OF_BOTTOM_ASH_IN_UNBOUND_SUB_BASE_MATERIALS.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the potential for bottom ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste to undergo chemical reactions which could lead to expansion when used as an unbound granular fill<br/>This paper sets out the experimental results obtained from testing of the Incinerator Bottom Ash under several procedures. A literature review was carried out to determine the common characteristics of bottom ash, from the literature review a series of tests were chosen to characterise certain properties of the material.<br/>Several mix proportions of IBA and chemical additions of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) were made to hasten chemical reactions. Several standard tests and new hybrid tests were performed to determine the properties of the mix proportions. Tests such as rapid evaluation of expansion, X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray fluorescence, pH testing, microscopic examination, magnetic separation analysis, Thermogravimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy and accelerated chemical reactions.<br/>Results showed that expansion appears to be through two mechanisms, unpredictable relaxation of compacted material and more notably the formation of expansive gels promoted by alkaline conditions."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Evaluation of the Potential Expansion Mechanisms of Bottom Ash in Unbound Sub-base Materials"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Dyer, Thomas"],"dc:creator":["Mac Giolla Bhride, Padraic"],"dc:date":["2015"],"dc:date.issued":["2015"],"dc:description.abstract":["The aim of this dissertation is to evaluate the potential for bottom ash from the incineration of municipal solid waste to undergo chemical reactions which could lead to expansion when used as an unbound granular fill<br/>This paper sets out the experimental results obtained from testing of the Incinerator Bottom Ash under several procedures. A literature review was carried out to determine the common characteristics of bottom ash, from the literature review a series of tests were chosen to characterise certain properties of the material.<br/>Several mix proportions of IBA and chemical additions of sodium sulphate (Na2SO4), sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Calcium Chloride (CaCl2) were made to hasten chemical reactions. Several standard tests and new hybrid tests were performed to determine the properties of the mix proportions. Tests such as rapid evaluation of expansion, X-Ray diffraction, X-Ray fluorescence, pH testing, microscopic examination, magnetic separation analysis, Thermogravimetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy and accelerated chemical reactions.<br/>Results showed that expansion appears to be through two mechanisms, unpredictable relaxation of compacted material and more notably the formation of expansive gels promoted by alkaline conditions."],"dc:identifier":["oai:discovery.dundee.ac.uk:studenttheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39","https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/files/7560845/EVALUATION_OF_THE_POTENTIAL_EXPANSION_MECHANISMS_OF_BOTTOM_ASH_IN_UNBOUND_SUB_BASE_MATERIALS.pdf"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher.department":["Concrete Technology Unit"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Dundee"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/bbd21460-90d5-4581-957e-4768114dbf39"],"dc:rights.embargodate":["2016-11-26"],"dc:rights.embargoreason":["/dk/atira/pure/core/document/studentthesisembargoreason/no_embargo_required"],"dc:title":["Evaluation of the Potential Expansion Mechanisms of Bottom Ash in Unbound Sub-base Materials"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Master's Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["Master of Science"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:08:12Z"}