{"id":{"repo_id":"drake","oai_identifier":"oai:escholarshare.drake.edu:2092/1033"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/drake/oai:escholarshare.drake.edu:2092/1033","repository":{"repo_id":"drake","name":"Drake University","base_url":"https://escholarshare.drake.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"A Cost Analysis of an Institutional Token Motivational System","abstract":"The problem: An analysis was performed on the cost and effectiveness of a token motivational system in a state hospital. Procedure: A token economy program, designed and implemented by a multidisciplinary team, attempted to motivate 48 retarded residents to perform 27 self-help skills and 51 work tasks. Six weeks of residents' baseline performance was compared to the effects of eight weeks of treatment programming. Cost break-outs of the total treatment cost for direct and indirect treatment cost, three stages of program development and a comparison of the monthly ward cost with and without the treatment program were performed. Findings: The treatment program was effective in increasing the self-help and work behaviors. The various cost breakouts indicated that: (a) professional and non-professional time was reallocated cost to the system, (b) the only major additional cost to the system was supplies, (c) the dollar cost for operating a large number of projects was relatively small. Conclusion: A behavior modification program fulfills the requirements for a Program-Planning-Budgeting-System analysis and makes possible an evaluation of the cost and effectiveness of a residential treatment program. Recommendations: Future research should be directed toward developing more useful empirical cost data collection procedures.","abstract_html":"The problem: An analysis was performed on the cost and effectiveness of a token motivational system in a state hospital. Procedure: A token economy program, designed and implemented by a multidisciplinary team, attempted to motivate 48 retarded residents to perform 27 self-help skills and 51 work tasks. Six weeks of residents' baseline performance was compared to the effects of eight weeks of treatment programming. Cost break-outs of the total treatment cost for direct and indirect treatment cost, three stages of program development and a comparison of the monthly ward cost with and without the treatment program were performed. Findings: The treatment program was effective in increasing the self-help and work behaviors. The various cost breakouts indicated that: (a) professional and non-professional time was reallocated cost to the system, (b) the only major additional cost to the system was supplies, (c) the dollar cost for operating a large number of projects was relatively small. Conclusion: A behavior modification program fulfills the requirements for a Program-Planning-Budgeting-System analysis and makes possible an evaluation of the cost and effectiveness of a residential treatment program. Recommendations: Future research should be directed toward developing more useful empirical cost data collection procedures.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Howley, Thomas J."],"institution":"Drake University","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1973,"date_issued":"1973-08","date_published":"1973-08","updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:18:43Z","subjects":["People with mental disabilities--Treatment--Analysis","Reward (Psychology)--Analysis","Behavior modification--Analysis","Cost effectiveness--Analysis"],"languages":["en_US"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["1973 .H844"],"render_values":[{"text":"1973 .H844","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2092/1033","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Howley, Thomas J."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2010-01-22T16:00:19Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2010-01-22T16:00:19Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1973-08"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Drake University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["People with mental disabilities--Treatment--Analysis","Reward (Psychology)--Analysis","Behavior modification--Analysis","Cost effectiveness--Analysis"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en_US"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.other","label":"Dc Identifier Other","values":["1973 .H844"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/2092/1033"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["48 leaves."]},{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The problem: An analysis was performed on the cost and effectiveness of a token motivational system in a state hospital. Procedure: A token economy program, designed and implemented by a multidisciplinary team, attempted to motivate 48 retarded residents to perform 27 self-help skills and 51 work tasks. Six weeks of residents' baseline performance was compared to the effects of eight weeks of treatment programming. Cost break-outs of the total treatment cost for direct and indirect treatment cost, three stages of program development and a comparison of the monthly ward cost with and without the treatment program were performed. Findings: The treatment program was effective in increasing the self-help and work behaviors. The various cost breakouts indicated that: (a) professional and non-professional time was reallocated cost to the system, (b) the only major additional cost to the system was supplies, (c) the dollar cost for operating a large number of projects was relatively small. Conclusion: A behavior modification program fulfills the requirements for a Program-Planning-Budgeting-System analysis and makes possible an evaluation of the cost and effectiveness of a residential treatment program. Recommendations: Future research should be directed toward developing more useful empirical cost data collection procedures."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A Cost Analysis of an Institutional Token Motivational System"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Howley, Thomas J."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2010-01-22T16:00:19Z"],"dc:date.available":["2010-01-22T16:00:19Z"],"dc:date.issued":["1973-08"],"dc:description":["48 leaves."],"dc:description.abstract":["The problem: An analysis was performed on the cost and effectiveness of a token motivational system in a state hospital. Procedure: A token economy program, designed and implemented by a multidisciplinary team, attempted to motivate 48 retarded residents to perform 27 self-help skills and 51 work tasks. Six weeks of residents' baseline performance was compared to the effects of eight weeks of treatment programming. Cost break-outs of the total treatment cost for direct and indirect treatment cost, three stages of program development and a comparison of the monthly ward cost with and without the treatment program were performed. Findings: The treatment program was effective in increasing the self-help and work behaviors. The various cost breakouts indicated that: (a) professional and non-professional time was reallocated cost to the system, (b) the only major additional cost to the system was supplies, (c) the dollar cost for operating a large number of projects was relatively small. Conclusion: A behavior modification program fulfills the requirements for a Program-Planning-Budgeting-System analysis and makes possible an evaluation of the cost and effectiveness of a residential treatment program. Recommendations: Future research should be directed toward developing more useful empirical cost data collection procedures."],"dc:identifier.other":["1973 .H844"],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/2092/1033"],"dc:language.iso":["en_US"],"dc:publisher":["Drake University"],"dc:subject":["People with mental disabilities--Treatment--Analysis","Reward (Psychology)--Analysis","Behavior modification--Analysis","Cost effectiveness--Analysis"],"dc:title":["A Cost Analysis of an Institutional Token Motivational System"],"dc:type":["Thesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-27T19:18:43Z"}