{"id":{"repo_id":"dialnet","oai_identifier":"oai:dialnet.unirioja.es:TES0000023216"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/dialnet/oai:dialnet.unirioja.es:TES0000023216","repository":{"repo_id":"dialnet","name":"Dialnet","base_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/oaites/OAIHandler"},"display":{"title":"Biotechnological applications of UV-B radiation in agri-food crops from La Rioja: grapes and mushrooms as models of quality and sustainability","abstract":"From the observational methodology approach, this thesis analyses error in chess, conceived as an inherent aspect of the learning process. Errors are manifested both through illegal moves, which reflect an incomplete understanding of the rules, and through erroneous moves, associated with a lack of comprehension of the internal logic of chess. The general objective of the thesis is to analyse the difficulties that players experience during the process of learning chess. Based on this, two specific objectives are established: (1) to characterise illegal moves in introductory chess, and (2) to characterise erroneous moves in children’s competitive chess. The thesis is structured into two complementary studies, each focused on addressing one of these objectives. The first study focuses on illegal moves committed by players in the U12 category from La Rioja during the regional Sports Games competition. An ad hoc observation system was designed, based on an exhaustive analysis of the FIDE Laws of Chess, to record and classify illegal moves. The reliability of the records was ensured through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and the validity of the instrument was verified by applying Generalizability Theory, through two measurement designs that confirmed the consistency and generalizability of the data. Seven types of illegal moves were identified: incorrect castling, pin, moving the king into check, incorrect piece movement, pawn promotion, illegal square occupation, and failure to remove a check. The adjusted residuals analysis revealed a higher incidence of king-movement illegals (including castling), indicating conceptual difficulties related to king safety and rule comprehension, as well as the challenges posed by diagonal piece movement. The second study analyses definitive errors—those that directly lead to the loss of the game—among elite U8 players in the Spanish National Championship. A second ad hoc observation instrument was designed, combining a field format and category system, based on a theoretical review of the internal logic of chess. The games were collected using ChessBase 17 and analysed with the Stockfish 16 NNUE engine via the Lichess platform, while data coding was performed using Lince software. Inter-observer reliability was ensured through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. Data analysis was carried out using the decision tree technique, taking the impact of the error as the dependent variable. The results show that the errors leading to defeat are mainly associated with deficiencies in short-term tactical calculation—tactical motifs, undefended pieces, or checkmate—rather than with long-term strategic planning errors. Taken together, both studies provide an empirical and systematic approach to the analysis of error in chess from an educational perspective. The findings deepen our understanding of the cognitive and conceptual difficulties faced by children and offer guidelines for designing instructional strategies tailored to their developmental level, transforming error into a learning tool and adjusting the complexity of tasks. This perspective reinforces the educational value of chess as an ideal context for fostering self-regulation, critical thinking, and reflective learning, while consolidating a pedagogical model that views error as a natural part of the learning process and as a resource for promoting reflection and informed decision-making in the game.","abstract_html":"From the observational methodology approach, this thesis analyses error in chess, conceived as an inherent aspect of the learning process. Errors are manifested both through illegal moves, which reflect an incomplete understanding of the rules, and through erroneous moves, associated with a lack of comprehension of the internal logic of chess. The general objective of the thesis is to analyse the difficulties that players experience during the process of learning chess. Based on this, two specific objectives are established: (1) to characterise illegal moves in introductory chess, and (2) to characterise erroneous moves in children’s competitive chess. The thesis is structured into two complementary studies, each focused on addressing one of these objectives. The first study focuses on illegal moves committed by players in the U12 category from La Rioja during the regional Sports Games competition. An ad hoc observation system was designed, based on an exhaustive analysis of the FIDE Laws of Chess, to record and classify illegal moves. The reliability of the records was ensured through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and the validity of the instrument was verified by applying Generalizability Theory, through two measurement designs that confirmed the consistency and generalizability of the data. Seven types of illegal moves were identified: incorrect castling, pin, moving the king into check, incorrect piece movement, pawn promotion, illegal square occupation, and failure to remove a check. The adjusted residuals analysis revealed a higher incidence of king-movement illegals (including castling), indicating conceptual difficulties related to king safety and rule comprehension, as well as the challenges posed by diagonal piece movement. The second study analyses definitive errors—those that directly lead to the loss of the game—among elite U8 players in the Spanish National Championship. A second ad hoc observation instrument was designed, combining a field format and category system, based on a theoretical review of the internal logic of chess. The games were collected using ChessBase 17 and analysed with the Stockfish 16 NNUE engine via the Lichess platform, while data coding was performed using Lince software. Inter-observer reliability was ensured through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. Data analysis was carried out using the decision tree technique, taking the impact of the error as the dependent variable. The results show that the errors leading to defeat are mainly associated with deficiencies in short-term tactical calculation—tactical motifs, undefended pieces, or checkmate—rather than with long-term strategic planning errors. Taken together, both studies provide an empirical and systematic approach to the analysis of error in chess from an educational perspective. The findings deepen our understanding of the cognitive and conceptual difficulties faced by children and offer guidelines for designing instructional strategies tailored to their developmental level, transforming error into a learning tool and adjusting the complexity of tasks. This perspective reinforces the educational value of chess as an ideal context for fostering self-regulation, critical thinking, and reflective learning, while consolidating a pedagogical model that views error as a natural part of the learning process and as a resource for promoting reflection and informed decision-making in the game.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hidalgo Sanz, Raquel"],"institution":"Universidad de La Rioja (España)","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Núñez Olivera, Encarnación (Universidad de La Rioja)","Martínez Abaigar, Javier (Universidad de La Rioja)","Castillo Alonso, María Angeles del (Universidad de La Rioja)"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2026,"date_issued":"2026","date_published":"2026","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:27:11Z","subjects":[],"languages":["eng"],"rights":["LICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. This digital object is accessible without charge, but its use is subject to the licensing conditions set by its authors or editors. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the licensing conditions, you are free to linking, browsing, printing and making a copy for your own personal purposes. All other acts of reproduction and communication to the public are subject to the licensing conditions expressed by editors and authors and require consent from them. Any link to this document should be made using its official URL in Dialnet. More info: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaites?codigo=397722","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Núñez Olivera, Encarnación (Universidad de La Rioja)","Martínez Abaigar, Javier (Universidad de La Rioja)","Castillo Alonso, María Angeles del (Universidad de La Rioja)"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hidalgo Sanz, Raquel"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2026"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Universidad de La Rioja (España)"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text (thesis)"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["eng"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["LICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. This digital object is accessible without charge, but its use is subject to the licensing conditions set by its authors or editors. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the licensing conditions, you are free to linking, browsing, printing and making a copy for your own personal purposes. All other acts of reproduction and communication to the public are subject to the licensing conditions expressed by editors and authors and require consent from them. Any link to this document should be made using its official URL in Dialnet. More info: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaites?codigo=397722"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["From the observational methodology approach, this thesis analyses error in chess, conceived as an inherent aspect of the learning process. Errors are manifested both through illegal moves, which reflect an incomplete understanding of the rules, and through erroneous moves, associated with a lack of comprehension of the internal logic of chess. The general objective of the thesis is to analyse the difficulties that players experience during the process of learning chess. Based on this, two specific objectives are established: (1) to characterise illegal moves in introductory chess, and (2) to characterise erroneous moves in children’s competitive chess. The thesis is structured into two complementary studies, each focused on addressing one of these objectives. The first study focuses on illegal moves committed by players in the U12 category from La Rioja during the regional Sports Games competition. An ad hoc observation system was designed, based on an exhaustive analysis of the FIDE Laws of Chess, to record and classify illegal moves. The reliability of the records was ensured through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and the validity of the instrument was verified by applying Generalizability Theory, through two measurement designs that confirmed the consistency and generalizability of the data. Seven types of illegal moves were identified: incorrect castling, pin, moving the king into check, incorrect piece movement, pawn promotion, illegal square occupation, and failure to remove a check. The adjusted residuals analysis revealed a higher incidence of king-movement illegals (including castling), indicating conceptual difficulties related to king safety and rule comprehension, as well as the challenges posed by diagonal piece movement. The second study analyses definitive errors—those that directly lead to the loss of the game—among elite U8 players in the Spanish National Championship. A second ad hoc observation instrument was designed, combining a field format and category system, based on a theoretical review of the internal logic of chess. The games were collected using ChessBase 17 and analysed with the Stockfish 16 NNUE engine via the Lichess platform, while data coding was performed using Lince software. Inter-observer reliability was ensured through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. Data analysis was carried out using the decision tree technique, taking the impact of the error as the dependent variable. The results show that the errors leading to defeat are mainly associated with deficiencies in short-term tactical calculation—tactical motifs, undefended pieces, or checkmate—rather than with long-term strategic planning errors. Taken together, both studies provide an empirical and systematic approach to the analysis of error in chess from an educational perspective. The findings deepen our understanding of the cognitive and conceptual difficulties faced by children and offer guidelines for designing instructional strategies tailored to their developmental level, transforming error into a learning tool and adjusting the complexity of tasks. This perspective reinforces the educational value of chess as an ideal context for fostering self-regulation, critical thinking, and reflective learning, while consolidating a pedagogical model that views error as a natural part of the learning process and as a resource for promoting reflection and informed decision-making in the game.","La radiación ultravioleta (RUV) es una fracción minoritaria del espectro solar, pero ha influido notablemente sobre el desarrollo de la vida sobre la Tierra. Dentro de la RUV, la radiación UV-B (RUVB, 280-315 nm) puede causar desde efectos reguladores y beneficiosos sobre los seres vivos hasta daños importantes, en función de la cantidad recibida. En este contexto, la presente tesis doctoral explora el potencial de la aplicación controlada de RUVB como herramienta sostenible para (1) mejorar la calidad, la seguridad y el valor funcional de determinados productos agroalimentarios muy relevantes para La Rioja (setas comestibles, uva y vino), y (2) luchar contra diversos hongos patógenos, todo ello a través de un enfoque multidisciplinar e innovador. En primer lugar, se ha desarrollado una tecnología semi-industrial eficiente para aumentar el contenido de vitamina D₂ en polvo de tres setas comestibles sin comprometer su calidad sensorial ni microbiológica. En un ensayo de biodisponibilidad en humanos, se comprobó que la ingestión de este suplemento dietético evitaba la caída invernal de hidroxivitamina D en suero, lo cual podría contribuir a paliar la creciente deficiencia de esta vitamina. Además, utilizando la misma tecnología, se consiguió un aumento similar en subproductos de shiitake, que podrían utilizarse para alimentación animal, contribuyendo al concepto de bioeconomía de la UE. En cuatro mohos micopatógenos de champiñón, el tratamiento con RUVB in vitro redujo drásticamente la germinación de esporas incluso con la mínima dosis utilizada, excepto en el moho pigmentado Trichoderma aggressivum. Además, la RUVB no interfería con el crecimiento del micelio del propio champiñón, aunque era menos eficiente en el control de los micelios micopatógenos por su reducida penetración en los medios de cultivo. Estos novedosos resultados son prometedores para utilizar la RUVB en la lucha contra las principales enfermedades fúngicas de las setas cultivadas, mediante un método menos agresivo y más ecológico que la radiación UV-C o los tratamientos químicos. En relación con la uva y el vino, se realizaron estudios tanto en viñas comerciales de Tempranillo en condiciones de campo, como en uva de Tempranillo y Garnacha Blanca en post-cosecha. En campo, se aplicaron suplementos de RUVB mediante una lámpara manufacturada acoplada a un tractor, y se comprobó que un doble suplemento (envero y antes de vendimia) inducía cambios más importantes en el perfil fenólico del hollejo de la uva y del vino resultante que un único suplemento (antes de vendimia). Además, los cambios eran más pronunciados en el hollejo (aumentos en flavonoles, ácidos fenólicos y flavanoles) que en el vino (aumentos en antocianinas e intensidad de color). Por lo tanto, la mejora en la calidad de la uva sólo se transmitía parcialmente al vino, probablemente por la influencia de las complejas interacciones químicas que tienen lugar durante la vinificación. Con respecto al estudio en post-cosecha, los tratamientos de RUVB redujeron la carga total de microorganismos y mohos, así como la cantidad de esporas de Botrytis cinerea, en uva de Tempranillo y Garnacha Blanca. Además, la RUVB aumentó el contenido de flavonoles y estilbenos. Estas respuestas metabólicas se atenuaban en las uvas infectadas por Botrytis, probablemente por una degradación de los fenoles por efecto de las enzimas fúngicas. Globalmente, la RUVB actuaba mediante un mecanismo dual: inactivación directa de los microorganismos e inducción de defensas fenólicas endógenas (tanto antioxidantes como fitoalexinas). Todo ello mejoraba el estado sanitario y la calidad bioquímica de la uva. En conjunto, se sientan las bases para el uso racional y controlado de la RUVB como agente germicida y elicitor metabólico, estableciendo un puente entre la fotobiología básica y la biotecnología agroalimentaria para aprovechar esta tecnología limpia y libre de residuos para la producción de alimentos más seguros, saludables y sostenibles."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Biotechnological applications of UV-B radiation in agri-food crops from La Rioja: grapes and mushrooms as models of quality and sustainability"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Núñez Olivera, Encarnación (Universidad de La Rioja)","Martínez Abaigar, Javier (Universidad de La Rioja)","Castillo Alonso, María Angeles del (Universidad de La Rioja)"],"dc:creator":["Hidalgo Sanz, Raquel"],"dc:date":["2026"],"dc:description":["From the observational methodology approach, this thesis analyses error in chess, conceived as an inherent aspect of the learning process. Errors are manifested both through illegal moves, which reflect an incomplete understanding of the rules, and through erroneous moves, associated with a lack of comprehension of the internal logic of chess. The general objective of the thesis is to analyse the difficulties that players experience during the process of learning chess. Based on this, two specific objectives are established: (1) to characterise illegal moves in introductory chess, and (2) to characterise erroneous moves in children’s competitive chess. The thesis is structured into two complementary studies, each focused on addressing one of these objectives. The first study focuses on illegal moves committed by players in the U12 category from La Rioja during the regional Sports Games competition. An ad hoc observation system was designed, based on an exhaustive analysis of the FIDE Laws of Chess, to record and classify illegal moves. The reliability of the records was ensured through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient, and the validity of the instrument was verified by applying Generalizability Theory, through two measurement designs that confirmed the consistency and generalizability of the data. Seven types of illegal moves were identified: incorrect castling, pin, moving the king into check, incorrect piece movement, pawn promotion, illegal square occupation, and failure to remove a check. The adjusted residuals analysis revealed a higher incidence of king-movement illegals (including castling), indicating conceptual difficulties related to king safety and rule comprehension, as well as the challenges posed by diagonal piece movement. The second study analyses definitive errors—those that directly lead to the loss of the game—among elite U8 players in the Spanish National Championship. A second ad hoc observation instrument was designed, combining a field format and category system, based on a theoretical review of the internal logic of chess. The games were collected using ChessBase 17 and analysed with the Stockfish 16 NNUE engine via the Lichess platform, while data coding was performed using Lince software. Inter-observer reliability was ensured through Cohen’s Kappa coefficient. Data analysis was carried out using the decision tree technique, taking the impact of the error as the dependent variable. The results show that the errors leading to defeat are mainly associated with deficiencies in short-term tactical calculation—tactical motifs, undefended pieces, or checkmate—rather than with long-term strategic planning errors. Taken together, both studies provide an empirical and systematic approach to the analysis of error in chess from an educational perspective. The findings deepen our understanding of the cognitive and conceptual difficulties faced by children and offer guidelines for designing instructional strategies tailored to their developmental level, transforming error into a learning tool and adjusting the complexity of tasks. This perspective reinforces the educational value of chess as an ideal context for fostering self-regulation, critical thinking, and reflective learning, while consolidating a pedagogical model that views error as a natural part of the learning process and as a resource for promoting reflection and informed decision-making in the game.","La radiación ultravioleta (RUV) es una fracción minoritaria del espectro solar, pero ha influido notablemente sobre el desarrollo de la vida sobre la Tierra. Dentro de la RUV, la radiación UV-B (RUVB, 280-315 nm) puede causar desde efectos reguladores y beneficiosos sobre los seres vivos hasta daños importantes, en función de la cantidad recibida. En este contexto, la presente tesis doctoral explora el potencial de la aplicación controlada de RUVB como herramienta sostenible para (1) mejorar la calidad, la seguridad y el valor funcional de determinados productos agroalimentarios muy relevantes para La Rioja (setas comestibles, uva y vino), y (2) luchar contra diversos hongos patógenos, todo ello a través de un enfoque multidisciplinar e innovador. En primer lugar, se ha desarrollado una tecnología semi-industrial eficiente para aumentar el contenido de vitamina D₂ en polvo de tres setas comestibles sin comprometer su calidad sensorial ni microbiológica. En un ensayo de biodisponibilidad en humanos, se comprobó que la ingestión de este suplemento dietético evitaba la caída invernal de hidroxivitamina D en suero, lo cual podría contribuir a paliar la creciente deficiencia de esta vitamina. Además, utilizando la misma tecnología, se consiguió un aumento similar en subproductos de shiitake, que podrían utilizarse para alimentación animal, contribuyendo al concepto de bioeconomía de la UE. En cuatro mohos micopatógenos de champiñón, el tratamiento con RUVB in vitro redujo drásticamente la germinación de esporas incluso con la mínima dosis utilizada, excepto en el moho pigmentado Trichoderma aggressivum. Además, la RUVB no interfería con el crecimiento del micelio del propio champiñón, aunque era menos eficiente en el control de los micelios micopatógenos por su reducida penetración en los medios de cultivo. Estos novedosos resultados son prometedores para utilizar la RUVB en la lucha contra las principales enfermedades fúngicas de las setas cultivadas, mediante un método menos agresivo y más ecológico que la radiación UV-C o los tratamientos químicos. En relación con la uva y el vino, se realizaron estudios tanto en viñas comerciales de Tempranillo en condiciones de campo, como en uva de Tempranillo y Garnacha Blanca en post-cosecha. En campo, se aplicaron suplementos de RUVB mediante una lámpara manufacturada acoplada a un tractor, y se comprobó que un doble suplemento (envero y antes de vendimia) inducía cambios más importantes en el perfil fenólico del hollejo de la uva y del vino resultante que un único suplemento (antes de vendimia). Además, los cambios eran más pronunciados en el hollejo (aumentos en flavonoles, ácidos fenólicos y flavanoles) que en el vino (aumentos en antocianinas e intensidad de color). Por lo tanto, la mejora en la calidad de la uva sólo se transmitía parcialmente al vino, probablemente por la influencia de las complejas interacciones químicas que tienen lugar durante la vinificación. Con respecto al estudio en post-cosecha, los tratamientos de RUVB redujeron la carga total de microorganismos y mohos, así como la cantidad de esporas de Botrytis cinerea, en uva de Tempranillo y Garnacha Blanca. Además, la RUVB aumentó el contenido de flavonoles y estilbenos. Estas respuestas metabólicas se atenuaban en las uvas infectadas por Botrytis, probablemente por una degradación de los fenoles por efecto de las enzimas fúngicas. Globalmente, la RUVB actuaba mediante un mecanismo dual: inactivación directa de los microorganismos e inducción de defensas fenólicas endógenas (tanto antioxidantes como fitoalexinas). Todo ello mejoraba el estado sanitario y la calidad bioquímica de la uva. En conjunto, se sientan las bases para el uso racional y controlado de la RUVB como agente germicida y elicitor metabólico, estableciendo un puente entre la fotobiología básica y la biotecnología agroalimentaria para aprovechar esta tecnología limpia y libre de residuos para la producción de alimentos más seguros, saludables y sostenibles."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaites?codigo=397722"],"dc:language":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Universidad de La Rioja (España)"],"dc:rights":["LICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. This digital object is accessible without charge, but its use is subject to the licensing conditions set by its authors or editors. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the licensing conditions, you are free to linking, browsing, printing and making a copy for your own personal purposes. All other acts of reproduction and communication to the public are subject to the licensing conditions expressed by editors and authors and require consent from them. Any link to this document should be made using its official URL in Dialnet. More info: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI"],"dc:title":["Biotechnological applications of UV-B radiation in agri-food crops from La Rioja: grapes and mushrooms as models of quality and sustainability"],"dc:type":["text (thesis)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:27:11Z"}