{"id":{"repo_id":"dialnet","oai_identifier":"oai:dialnet.unirioja.es:TES0000023181"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/dialnet/oai:dialnet.unirioja.es:TES0000023181","repository":{"repo_id":"dialnet","name":"Dialnet","base_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/oaites/OAIHandler"},"display":{"title":"Estudio de los lncRNAs MDL1 y MDL1AS en diferentes tipos de tumores y su relevancia clínica en adenocarcinoma rectal","abstract":"Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world, and it is estimated that the incidence of this disease will increase in the coming years. Among the most common types of cancer are breast, lung and colorectal cancer, while those with the highest mortality rates are lung, colorectal and liver cancer. The process by which a normal cell transforms into a tumor cell involves various changes in processes such as cell metabolism, cell proliferation and cell migration. In all these processes, the mitochondrion plays a fundamental role, since it is the organelle in charge of cell metabolism and also participates in communication with the nucleus, regulating different cellular functions. The processes occurring within the mitochondrion as well as nucleus-mitochondrion communication are regulated by different mechanisms. In this context, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a prominent role, and new lncRNAs are continuously being discovered, as well as new functions for those we already know. In 2018, Gao et al. identified two new mitochondrial lncRNAs in the region known as D-loop, which they named Mitochondrial D-loop 1 (MDL1) and Mitochondrial D-loop 1 antisense (MDL1AS). These authors also observed that, when comparing normal and tumor liver samples, the latter showed a lower expression of MDL1AS compared to non-tumor tissue. Given these differences in expression, we investigated whether these variations were observed in other types of tumors and found that colon, rectal, lung and glioblastoma cancers follow the pattern described by Gao et al. but the opposite is true for breast and laryngeal cancers: the tumor sample shows a higher expression of MDL1AS. We also describe that metastases to the lung from primary breast tumors show lower expression of MDL1 and MDL1AS than the tumors themselves. Finally, in an in vivo model, using the HT-29 cell line to initiate tumor growth, we identified that the primary tumor and metastases present lower MDL1AS expression than the original HT-29 cells; however, when treating the metastases with chemotherapy, MLD1AS expression increased. Second, we set out to analyze the role played by these lncRNAs inside the cell. To do so, we used different colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and HCT-116) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), as well as different double-stranded interference RNAs (DsiRNAs) to knockdown MDL1AS expression and evaluate how this affects cell metabolism, proliferation and migration in the different cell models. In these knockdowns we observed how, in both colorectal cancer and breast cancer, respiration is decreased compared to control cells. It was also demonstrated that, in correlation with what was observed in the expression differences, HCT-116 (colon) knockdowns have a lower proliferation and migration, while those of MDA-MB-231 (breast) presented a higher proliferation and migration, always compared to unmodified cells. Finally, a collaboration was carried out with the Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Logroño and the Fundación Hospital de Calahorra to investigate the clinical significance of these lncRNAs as possible biomarkers in a cohort of 69 patients diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma. In this cohort it was seen that both MDL1 and MDl1AS can act as prognostic biomarkers, with patients with high expression having a longer survival. Furthermore, no correlations of these levels with age, KRAS mutations, smoking or other classical biomarkers were found, clearly indicating that the levels of these lncRNAs are independent biomarkers. Thus, our study demonstrates the wealth of relevant biological and clinical information to be found in the D-loop of mitochondria, a region that has remained underappreciated until now.","abstract_html":"Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world, and it is estimated that the incidence of this disease will increase in the coming years. Among the most common types of cancer are breast, lung and colorectal cancer, while those with the highest mortality rates are lung, colorectal and liver cancer. The process by which a normal cell transforms into a tumor cell involves various changes in processes such as cell metabolism, cell proliferation and cell migration. In all these processes, the mitochondrion plays a fundamental role, since it is the organelle in charge of cell metabolism and also participates in communication with the nucleus, regulating different cellular functions. The processes occurring within the mitochondrion as well as nucleus-mitochondrion communication are regulated by different mechanisms. In this context, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a prominent role, and new lncRNAs are continuously being discovered, as well as new functions for those we already know. In 2018, Gao et al. identified two new mitochondrial lncRNAs in the region known as D-loop, which they named Mitochondrial D-loop 1 (MDL1) and Mitochondrial D-loop 1 antisense (MDL1AS). These authors also observed that, when comparing normal and tumor liver samples, the latter showed a lower expression of MDL1AS compared to non-tumor tissue. Given these differences in expression, we investigated whether these variations were observed in other types of tumors and found that colon, rectal, lung and glioblastoma cancers follow the pattern described by Gao et al. but the opposite is true for breast and laryngeal cancers: the tumor sample shows a higher expression of MDL1AS. We also describe that metastases to the lung from primary breast tumors show lower expression of MDL1 and MDL1AS than the tumors themselves. Finally, in an in vivo model, using the HT-29 cell line to initiate tumor growth, we identified that the primary tumor and metastases present lower MDL1AS expression than the original HT-29 cells; however, when treating the metastases with chemotherapy, MLD1AS expression increased. Second, we set out to analyze the role played by these lncRNAs inside the cell. To do so, we used different colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and HCT-116) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), as well as different double-stranded interference RNAs (DsiRNAs) to knockdown MDL1AS expression and evaluate how this affects cell metabolism, proliferation and migration in the different cell models. In these knockdowns we observed how, in both colorectal cancer and breast cancer, respiration is decreased compared to control cells. It was also demonstrated that, in correlation with what was observed in the expression differences, HCT-116 (colon) knockdowns have a lower proliferation and migration, while those of MDA-MB-231 (breast) presented a higher proliferation and migration, always compared to unmodified cells. Finally, a collaboration was carried out with the Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Logroño and the Fundación Hospital de Calahorra to investigate the clinical significance of these lncRNAs as possible biomarkers in a cohort of 69 patients diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma. In this cohort it was seen that both MDL1 and MDl1AS can act as prognostic biomarkers, with patients with high expression having a longer survival. Furthermore, no correlations of these levels with age, KRAS mutations, smoking or other classical biomarkers were found, clearly indicating that the levels of these lncRNAs are independent biomarkers. Thus, our study demonstrates the wealth of relevant biological and clinical information to be found in the D-loop of mitochondria, a region that has remained underappreciated until now.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Garrido Rodriguez, Pablo"],"institution":"Universidad de La Rioja (España)","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Martínez Ramírez, Alfredo (Universidad de La Rioja)"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025","date_published":"2025","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:27:07Z","subjects":[],"languages":["spa"],"rights":["LICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. This digital object is accessible without charge, but its use is subject to the licensing conditions set by its authors or editors. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the licensing conditions, you are free to linking, browsing, printing and making a copy for your own personal purposes. All other acts of reproduction and communication to the public are subject to the licensing conditions expressed by editors and authors and require consent from them. Any link to this document should be made using its official URL in Dialnet. More info: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaites?codigo=381939","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Martínez Ramírez, Alfredo (Universidad de La Rioja)"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Garrido Rodriguez, Pablo"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2025"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Universidad de La Rioja (España)"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["text (thesis)"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["spa"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["LICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. This digital object is accessible without charge, but its use is subject to the licensing conditions set by its authors or editors. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the licensing conditions, you are free to linking, browsing, printing and making a copy for your own personal purposes. All other acts of reproduction and communication to the public are subject to the licensing conditions expressed by editors and authors and require consent from them. Any link to this document should be made using its official URL in Dialnet. More info: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaites?codigo=381939"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world, and it is estimated that the incidence of this disease will increase in the coming years. Among the most common types of cancer are breast, lung and colorectal cancer, while those with the highest mortality rates are lung, colorectal and liver cancer. The process by which a normal cell transforms into a tumor cell involves various changes in processes such as cell metabolism, cell proliferation and cell migration. In all these processes, the mitochondrion plays a fundamental role, since it is the organelle in charge of cell metabolism and also participates in communication with the nucleus, regulating different cellular functions. The processes occurring within the mitochondrion as well as nucleus-mitochondrion communication are regulated by different mechanisms. In this context, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a prominent role, and new lncRNAs are continuously being discovered, as well as new functions for those we already know. In 2018, Gao et al. identified two new mitochondrial lncRNAs in the region known as D-loop, which they named Mitochondrial D-loop 1 (MDL1) and Mitochondrial D-loop 1 antisense (MDL1AS). These authors also observed that, when comparing normal and tumor liver samples, the latter showed a lower expression of MDL1AS compared to non-tumor tissue. Given these differences in expression, we investigated whether these variations were observed in other types of tumors and found that colon, rectal, lung and glioblastoma cancers follow the pattern described by Gao et al. but the opposite is true for breast and laryngeal cancers: the tumor sample shows a higher expression of MDL1AS. We also describe that metastases to the lung from primary breast tumors show lower expression of MDL1 and MDL1AS than the tumors themselves. Finally, in an in vivo model, using the HT-29 cell line to initiate tumor growth, we identified that the primary tumor and metastases present lower MDL1AS expression than the original HT-29 cells; however, when treating the metastases with chemotherapy, MLD1AS expression increased. Second, we set out to analyze the role played by these lncRNAs inside the cell. To do so, we used different colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and HCT-116) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), as well as different double-stranded interference RNAs (DsiRNAs) to knockdown MDL1AS expression and evaluate how this affects cell metabolism, proliferation and migration in the different cell models. In these knockdowns we observed how, in both colorectal cancer and breast cancer, respiration is decreased compared to control cells. It was also demonstrated that, in correlation with what was observed in the expression differences, HCT-116 (colon) knockdowns have a lower proliferation and migration, while those of MDA-MB-231 (breast) presented a higher proliferation and migration, always compared to unmodified cells. Finally, a collaboration was carried out with the Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Logroño and the Fundación Hospital de Calahorra to investigate the clinical significance of these lncRNAs as possible biomarkers in a cohort of 69 patients diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma. In this cohort it was seen that both MDL1 and MDl1AS can act as prognostic biomarkers, with patients with high expression having a longer survival. Furthermore, no correlations of these levels with age, KRAS mutations, smoking or other classical biomarkers were found, clearly indicating that the levels of these lncRNAs are independent biomarkers. Thus, our study demonstrates the wealth of relevant biological and clinical information to be found in the D-loop of mitochondria, a region that has remained underappreciated until now.","El cáncer es la principal causa de muerte en el mundo, y se estima que la incidencia de esta enfermedad aumentará en los próximos años. Entre los tipos de cáncer más comunes se encuentran el de mama, el de pulmón y el colorrectal, mientras que los que presentan mayor mortalidad son el de pulmón, colorrectal y hepático. El proceso mediante el cual una célula normal se transforma en una célula tumoral implica diversos cambios en procesos como el metabolismo celular, la proliferación celular y la migración celular. En todos estos procesos, la mitocondria desempeña un papel fundamental, ya que es el orgánulo encargado del metabolismo celular y también participa en la comunicación con el núcleo, regulando diferentes funciones celulares. Tanto los procesos que ocurren dentro de la mitocondria como la comunicación núcleo-mitocondria están regulados por distintos mecanismos. En este contexto, los long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) juegan un papel destacado, y continuamente se descubren nuevos lncRNAs, así como nuevas funciones para aquellos que ya conocemos. En 2018, Gao et al. identificaron dos nuevos lncRNAs mitocondriales en la región conocida como D-loop, a los que denominaron Mitochondrial D-loop 1 (MDL1) y Mitochondrial D-loop 1 antisense (MDL1AS). Estos autores también observaron que, al comparar muestras hepáticas normales y tumorales, las segundas presentaban una menor expresión de MDL1AS en comparación con el tejido no tumoral. Ante estas diferencias de expresión, nos planteamos investigar si estas variaciones se observaban en otros tipos de tumores y descubrimos que el cáncer de colon, de recto, de pulmón y el glioblastoma siguen el patrón descrito por Gao et al., pero en los cánceres de mama y de laringe pasa lo opuesto: la muestra tumoral presenta una mayor expresión de MDL1AS. También describimos que las metástasis a pulmón de tumores primarios de mama presentan una menor expresión de MDL1 y MDL1AS que los propios tumores. Por último, en un modelo in vivo, utilizando la línea celular HT-29 para iniciar el crecimiento tumoral, identificamos que el tumor primario y las metástasis presentan una menor expresión de MDL1AS que las células originales HT-29; sin embargo, al tratar las metástasis con quimioterapia, la expresión de MLD1AS aumentaba. En segundo lugar, nos propusimos analizar el papel que desempeñan estos lncRNAs dentro de la célula. Para ello, utilizamos diferentes líneas celulares de cáncer colorrectal (HT-29 y HCT-116) y de cáncer de mama (MCF-7 y MDA-MB-231), así como distintos RNAs de interferencia de doble hebra (DsiRNAs) para reducir la expresión de MDL1AS y evaluar cómo esto afecta al metabolismo celular, la proliferación y la migración en los diferentes modelos celulares. En estos knockdown observamos cómo, tanto en cáncer colorrectal como en cáncer de mama, la respiración se encuentra disminuida en comparación con las células control. También se demostró que, en correlación con lo observado en las diferencias de expresión, los knockdown de HCT-116 (colon) tienen una menor proliferación y migración, mientras que los de MDA-MB-231 (mama) presentaron una mayor proliferación y migración, siempre comparando con las células no modificadas. Por último, se llevó a cabo una colaboración con el Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Logroño y la Fundación Hospital de Calahorra para investigar la importancia clínica de estos lncRNAs como posibles biomarcadores en una cohorte de 69 pacientes diagnosticados con adenocarcinoma rectal. En esta cohorte se vio que tanto MDL1 como MDl1AS pueden actuar como biomarcadores pronósticos, siendo los pacientes con alta expresión los que presentan una mayor supervivencia. Además, no se encontraron correlaciones de estos niveles con la edad, las mutaciones en KRAS, el tabaquismo u otros biomarcadores clásicos, indicando claramente que los niveles de estos lncRNAs son biomarcadores independientes. Por lo tanto, nuestro estudio demuestra la gran cantidad de información biológica y clínica relevante que se encuentra en el D-loop de la mitocondria, una región que ha permanecido infravalorada hasta ahora."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Estudio de los lncRNAs MDL1 y MDL1AS en diferentes tipos de tumores y su relevancia clínica en adenocarcinoma rectal"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Martínez Ramírez, Alfredo (Universidad de La Rioja)"],"dc:creator":["Garrido Rodriguez, Pablo"],"dc:date":["2025"],"dc:description":["Cancer is the leading cause of death in the world, and it is estimated that the incidence of this disease will increase in the coming years. Among the most common types of cancer are breast, lung and colorectal cancer, while those with the highest mortality rates are lung, colorectal and liver cancer. The process by which a normal cell transforms into a tumor cell involves various changes in processes such as cell metabolism, cell proliferation and cell migration. In all these processes, the mitochondrion plays a fundamental role, since it is the organelle in charge of cell metabolism and also participates in communication with the nucleus, regulating different cellular functions. The processes occurring within the mitochondrion as well as nucleus-mitochondrion communication are regulated by different mechanisms. In this context, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play a prominent role, and new lncRNAs are continuously being discovered, as well as new functions for those we already know. In 2018, Gao et al. identified two new mitochondrial lncRNAs in the region known as D-loop, which they named Mitochondrial D-loop 1 (MDL1) and Mitochondrial D-loop 1 antisense (MDL1AS). These authors also observed that, when comparing normal and tumor liver samples, the latter showed a lower expression of MDL1AS compared to non-tumor tissue. Given these differences in expression, we investigated whether these variations were observed in other types of tumors and found that colon, rectal, lung and glioblastoma cancers follow the pattern described by Gao et al. but the opposite is true for breast and laryngeal cancers: the tumor sample shows a higher expression of MDL1AS. We also describe that metastases to the lung from primary breast tumors show lower expression of MDL1 and MDL1AS than the tumors themselves. Finally, in an in vivo model, using the HT-29 cell line to initiate tumor growth, we identified that the primary tumor and metastases present lower MDL1AS expression than the original HT-29 cells; however, when treating the metastases with chemotherapy, MLD1AS expression increased. Second, we set out to analyze the role played by these lncRNAs inside the cell. To do so, we used different colorectal cancer cell lines (HT-29 and HCT-116) and breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231), as well as different double-stranded interference RNAs (DsiRNAs) to knockdown MDL1AS expression and evaluate how this affects cell metabolism, proliferation and migration in the different cell models. In these knockdowns we observed how, in both colorectal cancer and breast cancer, respiration is decreased compared to control cells. It was also demonstrated that, in correlation with what was observed in the expression differences, HCT-116 (colon) knockdowns have a lower proliferation and migration, while those of MDA-MB-231 (breast) presented a higher proliferation and migration, always compared to unmodified cells. Finally, a collaboration was carried out with the Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Logroño and the Fundación Hospital de Calahorra to investigate the clinical significance of these lncRNAs as possible biomarkers in a cohort of 69 patients diagnosed with rectal adenocarcinoma. In this cohort it was seen that both MDL1 and MDl1AS can act as prognostic biomarkers, with patients with high expression having a longer survival. Furthermore, no correlations of these levels with age, KRAS mutations, smoking or other classical biomarkers were found, clearly indicating that the levels of these lncRNAs are independent biomarkers. Thus, our study demonstrates the wealth of relevant biological and clinical information to be found in the D-loop of mitochondria, a region that has remained underappreciated until now.","El cáncer es la principal causa de muerte en el mundo, y se estima que la incidencia de esta enfermedad aumentará en los próximos años. Entre los tipos de cáncer más comunes se encuentran el de mama, el de pulmón y el colorrectal, mientras que los que presentan mayor mortalidad son el de pulmón, colorrectal y hepático. El proceso mediante el cual una célula normal se transforma en una célula tumoral implica diversos cambios en procesos como el metabolismo celular, la proliferación celular y la migración celular. En todos estos procesos, la mitocondria desempeña un papel fundamental, ya que es el orgánulo encargado del metabolismo celular y también participa en la comunicación con el núcleo, regulando diferentes funciones celulares. Tanto los procesos que ocurren dentro de la mitocondria como la comunicación núcleo-mitocondria están regulados por distintos mecanismos. En este contexto, los long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) juegan un papel destacado, y continuamente se descubren nuevos lncRNAs, así como nuevas funciones para aquellos que ya conocemos. En 2018, Gao et al. identificaron dos nuevos lncRNAs mitocondriales en la región conocida como D-loop, a los que denominaron Mitochondrial D-loop 1 (MDL1) y Mitochondrial D-loop 1 antisense (MDL1AS). Estos autores también observaron que, al comparar muestras hepáticas normales y tumorales, las segundas presentaban una menor expresión de MDL1AS en comparación con el tejido no tumoral. Ante estas diferencias de expresión, nos planteamos investigar si estas variaciones se observaban en otros tipos de tumores y descubrimos que el cáncer de colon, de recto, de pulmón y el glioblastoma siguen el patrón descrito por Gao et al., pero en los cánceres de mama y de laringe pasa lo opuesto: la muestra tumoral presenta una mayor expresión de MDL1AS. También describimos que las metástasis a pulmón de tumores primarios de mama presentan una menor expresión de MDL1 y MDL1AS que los propios tumores. Por último, en un modelo in vivo, utilizando la línea celular HT-29 para iniciar el crecimiento tumoral, identificamos que el tumor primario y las metástasis presentan una menor expresión de MDL1AS que las células originales HT-29; sin embargo, al tratar las metástasis con quimioterapia, la expresión de MLD1AS aumentaba. En segundo lugar, nos propusimos analizar el papel que desempeñan estos lncRNAs dentro de la célula. Para ello, utilizamos diferentes líneas celulares de cáncer colorrectal (HT-29 y HCT-116) y de cáncer de mama (MCF-7 y MDA-MB-231), así como distintos RNAs de interferencia de doble hebra (DsiRNAs) para reducir la expresión de MDL1AS y evaluar cómo esto afecta al metabolismo celular, la proliferación y la migración en los diferentes modelos celulares. En estos knockdown observamos cómo, tanto en cáncer colorrectal como en cáncer de mama, la respiración se encuentra disminuida en comparación con las células control. También se demostró que, en correlación con lo observado en las diferencias de expresión, los knockdown de HCT-116 (colon) tienen una menor proliferación y migración, mientras que los de MDA-MB-231 (mama) presentaron una mayor proliferación y migración, siempre comparando con las células no modificadas. Por último, se llevó a cabo una colaboración con el Hospital Universitario San Pedro de Logroño y la Fundación Hospital de Calahorra para investigar la importancia clínica de estos lncRNAs como posibles biomarcadores en una cohorte de 69 pacientes diagnosticados con adenocarcinoma rectal. En esta cohorte se vio que tanto MDL1 como MDl1AS pueden actuar como biomarcadores pronósticos, siendo los pacientes con alta expresión los que presentan una mayor supervivencia. Además, no se encontraron correlaciones de estos niveles con la edad, las mutaciones en KRAS, el tabaquismo u otros biomarcadores clásicos, indicando claramente que los niveles de estos lncRNAs son biomarcadores independientes. Por lo tanto, nuestro estudio demuestra la gran cantidad de información biológica y clínica relevante que se encuentra en el D-loop de la mitocondria, una región que ha permanecido infravalorada hasta ahora."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/oaites?codigo=381939"],"dc:language":["spa"],"dc:publisher":["Universidad de La Rioja (España)"],"dc:rights":["LICENCIA DE USO: Los documentos a texto completo incluidos en Dialnet son de acceso libre y propiedad de sus autores y/o editores. Por tanto, cualquier acto de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública y/o transformación total o parcial requiere el consentimiento expreso y escrito de aquéllos. Cualquier enlace al texto completo de estos documentos deberá hacerse a través de la URL oficial de éstos en Dialnet. Más información: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI | INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS STATEMENT: Full text documents hosted by Dialnet are protected by copyright and/or related rights. This digital object is accessible without charge, but its use is subject to the licensing conditions set by its authors or editors. Unless expressly stated otherwise in the licensing conditions, you are free to linking, browsing, printing and making a copy for your own personal purposes. All other acts of reproduction and communication to the public are subject to the licensing conditions expressed by editors and authors and require consent from them. Any link to this document should be made using its official URL in Dialnet. More info: https://dialnet.unirioja.es/info/derechosOAI"],"dc:title":["Estudio de los lncRNAs MDL1 y MDL1AS en diferentes tipos de tumores y su relevancia clínica en adenocarcinoma rectal"],"dc:type":["text (thesis)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:27:07Z"}