Análisis de normativa y rentabilidad del autoconsumo eléctrico en el mundo: Aplicación en el sector residencial
Photovoltaic technology has been and will be key in the European strategy to achieve the target renewable energy generation rate. Electricity consumption in the residential sector amounts to 29% of total consumption in the European Union and 25% of total consumption in Spain. Therefore, the use of photovoltaic energy is considered very important to reduce electricity consumption in homes. To analyze photovoltaic self-consumption in the residential sector, it is necessary to determine the electricity consumption profile. This task is very complicated due to consumer variability. This sector covers a great variety of sizes and types of consumers, as well as a great variability of housing occupancy and, therefore, the measurement of final consumption can be very costly. This paper presents a stochastic simulation model from the bottom up (bottom-up) developed with data from the Time Use Survey of the National Institute of Statistics (INE). This algorithm allows the estimation of an average consumption profile in Spain according to the number of household members and the day of the week. Unlike previous research, in this work the average profile is studied and the uses are separated. These results are the basis of self-consumption research, but they can also be very useful for other studies on energy consumption, energy efficiency, demand management, hourly rates, energy policies, etc. The photovoltaic market in the European Union is not uniform, with different policies in each country. These policies, if stable and sustainable over a period of time, can influence decisions and ensure a return on investment. This work studies the profitability of a photovoltaic installation for self-consumption in homes in Spain with the Spanish regulation. To develop this study, the electricity consumption profile of the homes was considered. The difference in profitability was analyzed according to the number of household members. In addition, the impact of the adoption of another type of self-consumption policy (France, Germany, Italy, Great Britain and Finland) has been analyzed. For this, all incentives have to be scaled to the Spanish price. The results are that all these regulations present better profitability than Spain and the investments present positive economic parameters.
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