Of the handful of neurotransmitters modulating taste response, norepinephrine (NE) may be the least understood. Although the physiological role of NE has been tested, it is still unclear whether the rat taste bud may serve as an endogenous source of neurotransmitter or if it must be taken up from outside the taste bud. Immunocytochemical analysis of DBH has shown that DBH–LIR is present in taste cells of the rat circumvallate papillae. Specifically, DBH–LIR is present in a subset of Type II taste cells. Nearly all (98%) DBH–LIR cells express PLCβ2–LIR, and about half (41%) of PLCβ2–LIR cells express DBH–LIR. DBH–LIR does not co–localize with NCAM, and thus, is not present in Type III cells.
NET–LIR is present in the taste cells of the rat circumvallate papillae. Double labeling of NET–LIR and IP 3R3–LIR indicates that NET is present in Type II taste cells. A large proportion (77%) of NET–LIR cells express IP3R3–LIR and all (100%) IP3R3–LIR cells express NET–LIR. A small proportion (7.8%) of NET–LIR cells also express syntaxin–1–LIR in Type III cells. About a third (32.8%) of syntaxin–1–LIR cells express NET–LIR.
","abstract_html":"<p>Of the handful of neurotransmitters modulating taste response, norepinephrine (NE) may be the least understood. Although the physiological role of NE has been tested, it is still unclear whether the rat taste bud may serve as an endogenous source of neurotransmitter or if it must be taken up from outside the taste bud. Immunocytochemical analysis of DBH has shown that DBH–LIR is present in taste cells of the rat circumvallate papillae. Specifically, DBH–LIR is present in a subset of Type II taste cells. Nearly all (98%) DBH–LIR cells express PLCβ2–LIR, and about half (41%) of PLCβ2–LIR cells express DBH–LIR. DBH–LIR does not co–localize with NCAM, and thus, is not present in Type III cells.</p> <p>NET–LIR is present in the taste cells of the rat circumvallate papillae. Double labeling of NET–LIR and IP <sub>3</sub>R3–LIR indicates that NET is present in Type II taste cells. A large proportion (77%) of NET–LIR cells express IP<sub>3</sub>R3–LIR and all (100%) IP<sub>3</sub>R3–LIR cells express NET–LIR. A small proportion (7.8%) of NET–LIR cells also express syntaxin–1–LIR in Type III cells. About a third (32.8%) of syntaxin–1–LIR cells express NET–LIR.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Walton, Jenna Ashley"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"M.S.","degree_level":"Masters Thesis","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["John C. Kinnamon, Ph.D.","Dwight Smith","Scott Barbee","Nancy Lorenzon"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2012,"date_issued":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2012-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:03:12Z","subjects":["Chemoreception","Immunohistochemistry","Norepinephrine","Taste","Biology","Life Sciences"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright is held by the author. User is responsible for all copyright compliance.
"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/684","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["John C. Kinnamon, Ph.D.","Dwight Smith","Scott Barbee","Nancy Lorenzon"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Walton, Jenna Ashley"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2001-01-01T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Masters Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["M.S."]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Chemoreception","Immunohistochemistry","Norepinephrine","Taste","Biology","Life Sciences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright is held by the author. User is responsible for all copyright compliance.
"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/684"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Of the handful of neurotransmitters modulating taste response, norepinephrine (NE) may be the least understood. Although the physiological role of NE has been tested, it is still unclear whether the rat taste bud may serve as an endogenous source of neurotransmitter or if it must be taken up from outside the taste bud. Immunocytochemical analysis of DBH has shown that DBH–LIR is present in taste cells of the rat circumvallate papillae. Specifically, DBH–LIR is present in a subset of Type II taste cells. Nearly all (98%) DBH–LIR cells express PLCβ2–LIR, and about half (41%) of PLCβ2–LIR cells express DBH–LIR. DBH–LIR does not co–localize with NCAM, and thus, is not present in Type III cells.
NET–LIR is present in the taste cells of the rat circumvallate papillae. Double labeling of NET–LIR and IP 3R3–LIR indicates that NET is present in Type II taste cells. A large proportion (77%) of NET–LIR cells express IP3R3–LIR and all (100%) IP3R3–LIR cells express NET–LIR. A small proportion (7.8%) of NET–LIR cells also express syntaxin–1–LIR in Type III cells. About a third (32.8%) of syntaxin–1–LIR cells express NET–LIR.
"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Dopamine-Beta-Hydroxylase and Norepinephrine Transporter Immunoreactivity in Rat Taste Buds"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["John C. Kinnamon, Ph.D.","Dwight Smith","Scott Barbee","Nancy Lorenzon"],"dc:creator":["Walton, Jenna Ashley"],"dc:date.available":["2001-01-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Of the handful of neurotransmitters modulating taste response, norepinephrine (NE) may be the least understood. Although the physiological role of NE has been tested, it is still unclear whether the rat taste bud may serve as an endogenous source of neurotransmitter or if it must be taken up from outside the taste bud. Immunocytochemical analysis of DBH has shown that DBH–LIR is present in taste cells of the rat circumvallate papillae. Specifically, DBH–LIR is present in a subset of Type II taste cells. Nearly all (98%) DBH–LIR cells express PLCβ2–LIR, and about half (41%) of PLCβ2–LIR cells express DBH–LIR. DBH–LIR does not co–localize with NCAM, and thus, is not present in Type III cells.
NET–LIR is present in the taste cells of the rat circumvallate papillae. Double labeling of NET–LIR and IP 3R3–LIR indicates that NET is present in Type II taste cells. A large proportion (77%) of NET–LIR cells express IP3R3–LIR and all (100%) IP3R3–LIR cells express NET–LIR. A small proportion (7.8%) of NET–LIR cells also express syntaxin–1–LIR in Type III cells. About a third (32.8%) of syntaxin–1–LIR cells express NET–LIR.
"],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.du.edu/etd/684"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:rights":["Copyright is held by the author. User is responsible for all copyright compliance.
"],"dc:subject":["Chemoreception","Immunohistochemistry","Norepinephrine","Taste","Biology","Life Sciences"],"dc:title":["Dopamine-Beta-Hydroxylase and Norepinephrine Transporter Immunoreactivity in Rat Taste Buds"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["M.S."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:03:12Z"}