The current cross-sectional study had two goals: present the Peer Ethnic Socialization Measure, (PESM) to assess peer contributions to the process of ethnic socialization (the promotion of pride, cultural knowledge and cultural traditions), and explore how family and peer (in-group and out-group peers) ethnic socialization uniquely contributes to the process of ethnic identity development in Mexican descent adolescents (N=111, M age = 14.5 years, SD = 1.2 years). The PESM is a modified version of the Umaña-Taylor Familial Ethnic Socialization Scale (2001). Results indicated that the PESM is a reliable scale, but that it will benefit from refinement and additional work on its psychometric soundness given lack of evidence to support convergence-validity criteria. Family ethnic socialization was more predictive of total ethnic identity and its sub-indices of ethnic identity exploration and affirmation than peer ethnic socialization in this sample. However, out-group peer ethnic socialization was significantly associated with adolescent's ethnic identity exploration, suggesting peers of different ethnicities play some role in the process of Mexican-descent teens' ethnic identity formation.
","abstract_html":"<p>The current cross-sectional study had two goals: present the Peer Ethnic Socialization Measure, (PESM) to assess peer contributions to the process of ethnic socialization (the promotion of pride, cultural knowledge and cultural traditions), and explore how family and peer (in-group and out-group peers) ethnic socialization uniquely contributes to the process of ethnic identity development in Mexican descent adolescents (N=111, M age = 14.5 years, SD = 1.2 years). The PESM is a modified version of the Umaña-Taylor Familial Ethnic Socialization Scale (2001). Results indicated that the PESM is a reliable scale, but that it will benefit from refinement and additional work on its psychometric soundness given lack of evidence to support convergence-validity criteria. Family ethnic socialization was more predictive of total ethnic identity and its sub-indices of ethnic identity exploration and affirmation than peer ethnic socialization in this sample. However, out-group peer ethnic socialization was significantly associated with adolescent's ethnic identity exploration, suggesting peers of different ethnicities play some role in the process of Mexican-descent teens' ethnic identity formation.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Reinhard, Christine M."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Ph.D.","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Martha E. Wadsworth, Ph.D.","Anne P. DePrince","Arthur Jones","Debora Ortega","Stephen R. Shirk"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2010,"date_issued":"2010-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2010-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:03:12Z","subjects":["Adolescents","Ethnic identity","Ethnic socialization","Family","Mexican-descent","Peers","Latin American Languages and Societies","Psychology"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright is held by the author. User is responsible for all copyright compliance.
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"]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Effects of Peer & Familial Ethnic Socialization on Processes of Ethnic Identity Development in Mexican-Descent Adolescents"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Martha E. Wadsworth, Ph.D.","Anne P. DePrince","Arthur Jones","Debora Ortega","Stephen R. Shirk"],"dc:creator":["Reinhard, Christine M."],"dc:date.available":["2001-01-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The current cross-sectional study had two goals: present the Peer Ethnic Socialization Measure, (PESM) to assess peer contributions to the process of ethnic socialization (the promotion of pride, cultural knowledge and cultural traditions), and explore how family and peer (in-group and out-group peers) ethnic socialization uniquely contributes to the process of ethnic identity development in Mexican descent adolescents (N=111, M age = 14.5 years, SD = 1.2 years). The PESM is a modified version of the Umaña-Taylor Familial Ethnic Socialization Scale (2001). Results indicated that the PESM is a reliable scale, but that it will benefit from refinement and additional work on its psychometric soundness given lack of evidence to support convergence-validity criteria. Family ethnic socialization was more predictive of total ethnic identity and its sub-indices of ethnic identity exploration and affirmation than peer ethnic socialization in this sample. However, out-group peer ethnic socialization was significantly associated with adolescent's ethnic identity exploration, suggesting peers of different ethnicities play some role in the process of Mexican-descent teens' ethnic identity formation.
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"],"dc:subject":["Adolescents","Ethnic identity","Ethnic socialization","Family","Mexican-descent","Peers","Latin American Languages and Societies","Psychology"],"dc:title":["Effects of Peer & Familial Ethnic Socialization on Processes of Ethnic Identity Development in Mexican-Descent Adolescents"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Ph.D."]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:03:12Z"}