{"id":{"repo_id":"de-montfort","oai_identifier":"oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/25354"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/de-montfort/oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/25354","repository":{"repo_id":"de-montfort","name":"De Montfort University","base_url":"https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"AUTOMATION OF ACID AND BASE NUMBER DETERMINATIONS OF NEW AND USED LUBRICATING OILS","abstract":"In recent years condition monitoring programmes have been increasingly employed to determine the extent of lubricating oil degradation and engine wear. For many operators these programmes have resulted in significant cost savings by promoting a more efficient and effective servicing schedule. In the field of lubricating oil analysis several properties of the oil are determined. The methods used are often these described in the Institute of Petroleum’s Standard Methods of Testing. These methods are often labour intensive and time consuming to perform. There is now an active drive to automate some of these techniques. For a number of years De Montfort University, formerly Leicester Polytechnic, has been involved in the development of oil sampling techniques in the piston ring zone of engines and in the subsequent analysis of the severely degraded oils obtained. The initial aims of this research work were to test thoroughly two prototype instruments, constructed as part of a previous research project, which measured the Base Number and water content of oils. The instruments were tested to determine (i) the reliability of the hardware; (ii.) the repeatability of the methods of analysis; (iii) the reproducibility of the methods of analysis. Further the results were compared with those obtained using existing methods. It was proved conclusively that the automated techniques developed at this University would give results which were more reproducible than the methods previously used. The research also involved the design and construction of a combined analyser. This project ran concurrently with the development of a commercial version of the instrument. The final part of the work concentrated on the development of a new method for acid number determinations. There are difficulties associated with the standard method in terms of both operation and interpretation of the results. A conductimetric titration technique, similar to that developed to determine Base Number was investigated. However, due to the low electrical conductivity of the KOH (alc) titrant this technique was proved to be unsatisfactory. The outcome of this research was the development of a new technique for acid number determinations which is in fact a back titration of the Base number determination. Initial trials have proved very encouraging. The main problem in proving the method was concerned with obtaining samples of accurately known acid number values.","abstract_html":"In recent years condition monitoring programmes have been increasingly employed to determine the extent of lubricating oil degradation and engine wear. For many operators these programmes have resulted in significant cost savings by promoting a more efficient and effective servicing schedule. In the field of lubricating oil analysis several properties of the oil are determined. The methods used are often these described in the Institute of Petroleum’s Standard Methods of Testing. These methods are often labour intensive and time consuming to perform. There is now an active drive to automate some of these techniques. For a number of years De Montfort University, formerly Leicester Polytechnic, has been involved in the development of oil sampling techniques in the piston ring zone of engines and in the subsequent analysis of the severely degraded oils obtained. The initial aims of this research work were to test thoroughly two prototype instruments, constructed as part of a previous research project, which measured the Base Number and water content of oils. The instruments were tested to determine (i) the reliability of the hardware; (ii.) the repeatability of the methods of analysis; (iii) the reproducibility of the methods of analysis. Further the results were compared with those obtained using existing methods. It was proved conclusively that the automated techniques developed at this University would give results which were more reproducible than the methods previously used. The research also involved the design and construction of a combined analyser. This project ran concurrently with the development of a commercial version of the instrument. The final part of the work concentrated on the development of a new method for acid number determinations. There are difficulties associated with the standard method in terms of both operation and interpretation of the results. A conductimetric titration technique, similar to that developed to determine Base Number was investigated. However, due to the low electrical conductivity of the KOH (alc) titrant this technique was proved to be unsatisfactory. The outcome of this research was the development of a new technique for acid number determinations which is in fact a back titration of the Base number determination. Initial trials have proved very encouraging. The main problem in proving the method was concerned with obtaining samples of accurately known acid number values.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Pickering, Susan M."],"institution":"De Montfort University","degree_name":"PhD","degree_level":"Doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1983,"date_issued":"1983-06-24","date_published":"1983-06-24","updated_at":"2026-07-24T06:18:54Z","subjects":[],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":["https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstreams/c4a9c1df-c2f1-4e7c-80ca-a2060bb5495d/download"],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Pickering, Susan M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["1983-06-24"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Faculty of Health and Life Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["De Montfort University"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/2086/25354"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis or dissertation"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["PhD"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstreams/c4a9c1df-c2f1-4e7c-80ca-a2060bb5495d/download"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://dora.dmu.ac.uk/bitstreams/0e019bc6-42b0-4c13-9e44-70ab3a25ed64/download"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In recent years condition monitoring programmes have been increasingly employed to determine the extent of lubricating oil degradation and engine wear. 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However, due to the low electrical conductivity of the KOH (alc) titrant this technique was proved to be unsatisfactory. The outcome of this research was the development of a new technique for acid number determinations which is in fact a back titration of the Base number determination. Initial trials have proved very encouraging. 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The methods used are often these described in the Institute of Petroleum’s Standard Methods of Testing. These methods are often labour intensive and time consuming to perform. There is now an active drive to automate some of these techniques. For a number of years De Montfort University, formerly Leicester Polytechnic, has been involved in the development of oil sampling techniques in the piston ring zone of engines and in the subsequent analysis of the severely degraded oils obtained. The initial aims of this research work were to test thoroughly two prototype instruments, constructed as part of a previous research project, which measured the Base Number and water content of oils. The instruments were tested to determine (i) the reliability of the hardware; (ii.) the repeatability of the methods of analysis; (iii) the reproducibility of the methods of analysis. Further the results were compared with those obtained using existing methods. 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