Leveraging wave matter interactions is central to a myriad of electromagnetic wave-based applications. During the past decades, research on extreme wave manipulation has been revolutionized by artificially engineered materials (metamaterials) and by adding new aspects to the wave-matter interactions that showed intriguing results inaccessible in conventional linear, time invariant (LTI), passive and isotropic media. In this work, I will explore, numerically and experimentally, the possibility of realizing devices that perform beyond or close to their fundamental LTI limitations by adding periodic modulation, nonlinearity, and gain. I will demonstrate these concepts at radio frequencies (RF) and at optical frequencies. Specifically, at RF I will show that small periodic temporal modulation of nonlinear matching network can enhance the radiation of electrically small antennas by boosting unbalanced energy exchange between the wave and the modulating pump. I will show how large modulation ratios can be exploited to build novel compact phase conjugator, time reversal devices. In harnessing the role of nonlinearity, I will show the experimental demonstration of a single unit cell of parametric frequency divider-by-3 that enable phase tri-stability– an important feature needed to realize computational platform for combinatorial optimization problems. Extending RF modulation schemes to optical frequencies is hindered by current technologies, which only allow small modulation ratios and speeds. I will demonstrate how weak optical nonlinearities can replace temporal modulation at RF to efficiently achieve similar effects, for instance realizing nonlinearity-based nonreciprocity, in which the wave itself modulates the medium, overcoming speed limitations. To further increase the efficiency, I will show how nonlinear generation and wave mixing can be obtained in thin 2D periodic structures based on multi-quantum-wells, and in parallel I demonstrate how to enhance nonlinearity from 2D materials, as well as show the possibility to engineer the dispersion of hyperbolic surface wave propagation on judiciously designed metasurfaces that leverage enhanced wave-matter interactions, opening new avenues for compact imaging and sensing devices.
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","abstract_html":"<p>Leveraging wave matter interactions is central to a myriad of electromagnetic wave-based applications. During the past decades, research on extreme wave manipulation has been revolutionized by artificially engineered materials (metamaterials) and by adding new aspects to the wave-matter interactions that showed intriguing results inaccessible in conventional linear, time invariant (LTI), passive and isotropic media. In this work, I will explore, numerically and experimentally, the possibility of realizing devices that perform beyond or close to their fundamental LTI limitations by adding periodic modulation, nonlinearity, and gain. I will demonstrate these concepts at radio frequencies (RF) and at optical frequencies. Specifically, at RF I will show that small periodic temporal modulation of nonlinear matching network can enhance the radiation of electrically small antennas by boosting unbalanced energy exchange between the wave and the modulating pump. I will show how large modulation ratios can be exploited to build novel compact phase conjugator, time reversal devices. In harnessing the role of nonlinearity, I will show the experimental demonstration of a single unit cell of parametric frequency divider-by-3 that enable phase tri-stability– an important feature needed to realize computational platform for combinatorial optimization problems. Extending RF modulation schemes to optical frequencies is hindered by current technologies, which only allow small modulation ratios and speeds. I will demonstrate how weak optical nonlinearities can replace temporal modulation at RF to efficiently achieve similar effects, for instance realizing nonlinearity-based nonreciprocity, in which the wave itself modulates the medium, overcoming speed limitations. To further increase the efficiency, I will show how nonlinear generation and wave mixing can be obtained in thin 2D periodic structures based on multi-quantum-wells, and in parallel I demonstrate how to enhance nonlinearity from 2D materials, as well as show the possibility to engineer the dispersion of hyperbolic surface wave propagation on judiciously designed metasurfaces that leverage enhanced wave-matter interactions, opening new avenues for compact imaging and sensing devices.</p> <p>TRANSLATE with x English <a>Arabic</a> <a>Hebrew</a> <a>Polish</a> <a>Bulgarian</a> <a>Hindi</a> <a>Portuguese</a> <a>Catalan</a> <a>Hmong Daw</a> <a>Romanian</a> <a>Chinese Simplified</a> <a>Hungarian</a> <a>Russian</a> <a>Chinese Traditional</a> <a>Indonesian</a> <a>Slovak</a> <a>Czech</a> <a>Italian</a> <a>Slovenian</a> <a>Danish</a> <a>Japanese</a> <a>Spanish</a> <a>Dutch</a> <a>Klingon</a> <a>Swedish</a> <a>English</a> <a>Korean</a> <a>Thai</a> <a>Estonian</a> <a>Latvian</a> <a>Turkish</a> <a>Finnish</a> <a>Lithuanian</a> <a>Ukrainian</a> <a>French</a> <a>Malay</a> <a>Urdu</a> <a>German</a> <a>Maltese</a> <a>Vietnamese</a> <a>Greek</a> <a>Norwegian</a> <a>Welsh</a> <a>Haitian Creole</a> <a>Persian</a> TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW <a id="x-x-ShareBack" title="Back To Translation"> Back</a> EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: <a href="http://www.bing.com/widget/translator" target="_blank">Bing Webmaster Portal</a> <a title="Back To Translation">Back</a></p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Mekawy, Ahmed"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)","degree_level":"Dissertation","degree_discipline":"Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Andrea Alu"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2022,"date_issued":"2022-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2022-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:57:53Z","subjects":["parametric amplification","electrically small antennas","second harmonic generation","phase tri-stability","hyperbolic metasurface","Electrical and Electronics","Electromagnetics and Photonics"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/1060","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Andrea Alu"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Mekawy, Ahmed"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2022-07-22T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Engineering"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["parametric amplification","electrically small antennas","second harmonic generation","phase tri-stability","hyperbolic metasurface","Electrical and Electronics","Electromagnetics and Photonics"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/1060"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Leveraging wave matter interactions is central to a myriad of electromagnetic wave-based applications. During the past decades, research on extreme wave manipulation has been revolutionized by artificially engineered materials (metamaterials) and by adding new aspects to the wave-matter interactions that showed intriguing results inaccessible in conventional linear, time invariant (LTI), passive and isotropic media. In this work, I will explore, numerically and experimentally, the possibility of realizing devices that perform beyond or close to their fundamental LTI limitations by adding periodic modulation, nonlinearity, and gain. I will demonstrate these concepts at radio frequencies (RF) and at optical frequencies. Specifically, at RF I will show that small periodic temporal modulation of nonlinear matching network can enhance the radiation of electrically small antennas by boosting unbalanced energy exchange between the wave and the modulating pump. I will show how large modulation ratios can be exploited to build novel compact phase conjugator, time reversal devices. In harnessing the role of nonlinearity, I will show the experimental demonstration of a single unit cell of parametric frequency divider-by-3 that enable phase tri-stability– an important feature needed to realize computational platform for combinatorial optimization problems. Extending RF modulation schemes to optical frequencies is hindered by current technologies, which only allow small modulation ratios and speeds. I will demonstrate how weak optical nonlinearities can replace temporal modulation at RF to efficiently achieve similar effects, for instance realizing nonlinearity-based nonreciprocity, in which the wave itself modulates the medium, overcoming speed limitations. To further increase the efficiency, I will show how nonlinear generation and wave mixing can be obtained in thin 2D periodic structures based on multi-quantum-wells, and in parallel I demonstrate how to enhance nonlinearity from 2D materials, as well as show the possibility to engineer the dispersion of hyperbolic surface wave propagation on judiciously designed metasurfaces that leverage enhanced wave-matter interactions, opening new avenues for compact imaging and sensing devices.
TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Wave Engineering in Time Modulated, Nonlinear, and Anisotropic Metamaterials"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Andrea Alu"],"dc:creator":["Mekawy, Ahmed"],"dc:date.available":["2022-07-22T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Leveraging wave matter interactions is central to a myriad of electromagnetic wave-based applications. During the past decades, research on extreme wave manipulation has been revolutionized by artificially engineered materials (metamaterials) and by adding new aspects to the wave-matter interactions that showed intriguing results inaccessible in conventional linear, time invariant (LTI), passive and isotropic media. In this work, I will explore, numerically and experimentally, the possibility of realizing devices that perform beyond or close to their fundamental LTI limitations by adding periodic modulation, nonlinearity, and gain. I will demonstrate these concepts at radio frequencies (RF) and at optical frequencies. Specifically, at RF I will show that small periodic temporal modulation of nonlinear matching network can enhance the radiation of electrically small antennas by boosting unbalanced energy exchange between the wave and the modulating pump. I will show how large modulation ratios can be exploited to build novel compact phase conjugator, time reversal devices. In harnessing the role of nonlinearity, I will show the experimental demonstration of a single unit cell of parametric frequency divider-by-3 that enable phase tri-stability– an important feature needed to realize computational platform for combinatorial optimization problems. Extending RF modulation schemes to optical frequencies is hindered by current technologies, which only allow small modulation ratios and speeds. I will demonstrate how weak optical nonlinearities can replace temporal modulation at RF to efficiently achieve similar effects, for instance realizing nonlinearity-based nonreciprocity, in which the wave itself modulates the medium, overcoming speed limitations. To further increase the efficiency, I will show how nonlinear generation and wave mixing can be obtained in thin 2D periodic structures based on multi-quantum-wells, and in parallel I demonstrate how to enhance nonlinearity from 2D materials, as well as show the possibility to engineer the dispersion of hyperbolic surface wave propagation on judiciously designed metasurfaces that leverage enhanced wave-matter interactions, opening new avenues for compact imaging and sensing devices.
TRANSLATE with x English Arabic Hebrew Polish Bulgarian Hindi Portuguese Catalan Hmong Daw Romanian Chinese Simplified Hungarian Russian Chinese Traditional Indonesian Slovak Czech Italian Slovenian Danish Japanese Spanish Dutch Klingon Swedish English Korean Thai Estonian Latvian Turkish Finnish Lithuanian Ukrainian French Malay Urdu German Maltese Vietnamese Greek Norwegian Welsh Haitian Creole Persian TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back
"],"dc:identifier":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/1060"],"dc:subject":["parametric amplification","electrically small antennas","second harmonic generation","phase tri-stability","hyperbolic metasurface","Electrical and Electronics","Electromagnetics and Photonics"],"dc:title":["Wave Engineering in Time Modulated, Nonlinear, and Anisotropic Metamaterials"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:57:53Z"}