Breast cancer is the second leading cause of deaths among women, as about one in eight women in the US will develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. After the diagnosis of breast cancer, chemotherapy is the commonly prescribed first line of treatment. In the recent past, research has shown that molecular diagnostic tests have revealed that about 20% of the tumors carry the HER-2 mutation on cell surface, which can be treated with the drug Herceptin, or trastuzumab, improving cancer free survival rates from 71.9% to 84.2% in five years. However, in spite of the observed increase in survival rates, the question of economic value produced by adding Herceptin to the chemotherapy remains an open question. We developed a model to analyze the economic benefits of using molecular diagnostics to reveal actionable clinical alterations. We used cancer registry incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to compare the incidence rates and survival years per patient in a broad population. The results were incorporated into an economic model to predict benefits derived, in terms of cost savings, by the breast cancer patients. Specifically, we projected per patient life years saved by adding Herceptin to the chemotherapy. Using conservative estimates for the dollar value of each life year saved, which stands at $100,000 in 2016 dollars, total savings from adding Herceptin to chemotherapy were $36,925 per patient. Even stretching the cost estimates does not change the general results. This model, which can objectively compare two therapy regimes in terms of economic benefits derived by stakeholders, can be applied to evaluate the economic value of competing treatment regimes.
","abstract_html":"<p>Breast cancer is the second leading cause of deaths among women, as about one in eight women in the US will develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. After the diagnosis of breast cancer, chemotherapy is the commonly prescribed first line of treatment. In the recent past, research has shown that molecular diagnostic tests have revealed that about 20% of the tumors carry the HER-2 mutation on cell surface, which can be treated with the drug Herceptin, or trastuzumab, improving cancer free survival rates from 71.9% to 84.2% in five years. However, in spite of the observed increase in survival rates, the question of economic value produced by adding Herceptin to the chemotherapy remains an open question. We developed a model to analyze the economic benefits of using molecular diagnostics to reveal actionable clinical alterations. We used cancer registry incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to compare the incidence rates and survival years per patient in a broad population. The results were incorporated into an economic model to predict benefits derived, in terms of cost savings, by the breast cancer patients. Specifically, we projected per patient life years saved by adding Herceptin to the chemotherapy. Using conservative estimates for the dollar value of each life year saved, which stands at $100,000 in 2016 dollars, total savings from adding Herceptin to chemotherapy were $36,925 per patient. Even stretching the cost estimates does not change the general results. This model, which can objectively compare two therapy regimes in terms of economic benefits derived by stakeholders, can be applied to evaluate the economic value of competing treatment regimes.</p>","abstract_has_math":true,"creators":["Apte, Advait"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts (M.A.)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Economics and Business","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr. Prabal De","Dr. Kevin Foster"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:57:14Z","subjects":["Breast cancer","Herceptin","CMS","Economics","Health Economics"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/662","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr. Prabal De","Dr. Kevin Foster"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Apte, Advait"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-03-13T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Economics and Business"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (M.A.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Breast cancer","Herceptin","CMS","Economics","Health Economics"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/662"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Breast cancer is the second leading cause of deaths among women, as about one in eight women in the US will develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. After the diagnosis of breast cancer, chemotherapy is the commonly prescribed first line of treatment. In the recent past, research has shown that molecular diagnostic tests have revealed that about 20% of the tumors carry the HER-2 mutation on cell surface, which can be treated with the drug Herceptin, or trastuzumab, improving cancer free survival rates from 71.9% to 84.2% in five years. However, in spite of the observed increase in survival rates, the question of economic value produced by adding Herceptin to the chemotherapy remains an open question. We developed a model to analyze the economic benefits of using molecular diagnostics to reveal actionable clinical alterations. We used cancer registry incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to compare the incidence rates and survival years per patient in a broad population. The results were incorporated into an economic model to predict benefits derived, in terms of cost savings, by the breast cancer patients. Specifically, we projected per patient life years saved by adding Herceptin to the chemotherapy. Using conservative estimates for the dollar value of each life year saved, which stands at $100,000 in 2016 dollars, total savings from adding Herceptin to chemotherapy were $36,925 per patient. Even stretching the cost estimates does not change the general results. This model, which can objectively compare two therapy regimes in terms of economic benefits derived by stakeholders, can be applied to evaluate the economic value of competing treatment regimes.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Improving Medicare & Medicaid Reimbursement Framework for Molecular Diagnostics Tests Using Gene Sequencing: A Case Study in Health Economics"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr. Prabal De","Dr. Kevin Foster"],"dc:creator":["Apte, Advait"],"dc:date.available":["2017-03-13T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Breast cancer is the second leading cause of deaths among women, as about one in eight women in the US will develop invasive breast cancer during their lifetime. After the diagnosis of breast cancer, chemotherapy is the commonly prescribed first line of treatment. In the recent past, research has shown that molecular diagnostic tests have revealed that about 20% of the tumors carry the HER-2 mutation on cell surface, which can be treated with the drug Herceptin, or trastuzumab, improving cancer free survival rates from 71.9% to 84.2% in five years. However, in spite of the observed increase in survival rates, the question of economic value produced by adding Herceptin to the chemotherapy remains an open question. We developed a model to analyze the economic benefits of using molecular diagnostics to reveal actionable clinical alterations. We used cancer registry incidence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program to compare the incidence rates and survival years per patient in a broad population. The results were incorporated into an economic model to predict benefits derived, in terms of cost savings, by the breast cancer patients. Specifically, we projected per patient life years saved by adding Herceptin to the chemotherapy. Using conservative estimates for the dollar value of each life year saved, which stands at $100,000 in 2016 dollars, total savings from adding Herceptin to chemotherapy were $36,925 per patient. Even stretching the cost estimates does not change the general results. This model, which can objectively compare two therapy regimes in terms of economic benefits derived by stakeholders, can be applied to evaluate the economic value of competing treatment regimes.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/662"],"dc:subject":["Breast cancer","Herceptin","CMS","Economics","Health Economics"],"dc:title":["Improving Medicare & Medicaid Reimbursement Framework for Molecular Diagnostics Tests Using Gene Sequencing: A Case Study in Health Economics"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Economics and Business"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (M.A.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:57:14Z"}