The current study employed a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm to investigate the influence of pre-stimulus unconscious threat anticipation on subsequent fear responses in associative learning. Additionally, we explored the differences in pre-stimulus anticipation among individuals with varying levels of anxiety. Electrodermal response (EDA) was chosen as a primary measure due to its robustness in fear conditioning paradigms. Moreover, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was utilized to assess anxiety levels in participants. Twenty-seven subjects were recruited to determine if pre-stimulus skin conductance responses (SCR) would exhibit stimulus-specific patterns influenced by implicit cues (L-shaped configurations) that indicated an upcoming face or a house and if any stress fluctuations would occur in the skin conductance levels (SCL). The target type conditions were separated into three groups: One group represents houses and acts as a neutral stimulus (NS), where the aversive stimulus never happens. Another group represents the face targets, which are not paired with an aversive event (Face CS-), and the last one is the face targets paired with an electric pulse (Face CS+) at the end of the target presentation (last 0.05 sec). Participants exhibited significant changes in SCRs and SCLs between CS+ vs. CS- and NS vs. CS+ conditions. This result highlights the substantial impact of the administered electric pulse, eliciting heightened EDA responses across conditions. As there were no reliable differences from the cues, further research with larger sample sizes will be necessary to determine whether unconscious fear learning can take place or can be measured with EDA. Understanding the effects mentioned above can shed light on anxiety-related disorders and individual differences in associative learning processes, enhancing our understanding of the interplay between anxiety, anticipation, and physiology in cue-related threat paradigms.
","abstract_html":"<p>The current study employed a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm to investigate the influence of pre-stimulus unconscious threat anticipation on subsequent fear responses in associative learning. Additionally, we explored the differences in pre-stimulus anticipation among individuals with varying levels of anxiety. Electrodermal response (EDA) was chosen as a primary measure due to its robustness in fear conditioning paradigms. Moreover, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was utilized to assess anxiety levels in participants. Twenty-seven subjects were recruited to determine if pre-stimulus skin conductance responses (SCR) would exhibit stimulus-specific patterns influenced by implicit cues (L-shaped configurations) that indicated an upcoming face or a house and if any stress fluctuations would occur in the skin conductance levels (SCL). The target type conditions were separated into three groups: One group represents houses and acts as a neutral stimulus (NS), where the aversive stimulus never happens. Another group represents the face targets, which are not paired with an aversive event (Face CS-), and the last one is the face targets paired with an electric pulse (Face CS+) at the end of the target presentation (last 0.05 sec). Participants exhibited significant changes in SCRs and SCLs between CS+ vs. CS- and NS vs. CS+ conditions. This result highlights the substantial impact of the administered electric pulse, eliciting heightened EDA responses across conditions. As there were no reliable differences from the cues, further research with larger sample sizes will be necessary to determine whether unconscious fear learning can take place or can be measured with EDA. Understanding the effects mentioned above can shed light on anxiety-related disorders and individual differences in associative learning processes, enhancing our understanding of the interplay between anxiety, anticipation, and physiology in cue-related threat paradigms.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Kharlamova, Anastasiya Rumyantseva"],"institution":"The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York","degree_name":"Master of Science","degree_level":"Master","degree_discipline":"Cognitive Neuroscience","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Tony Ro"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Martijn Wokke","David Johnson"],"year":2024,"date_issued":"2024-06-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2024-06-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:59:38Z","subjects":["Biological Psychology","Cognitive Psychology","Cognitive Science","Pavlovian Conditioning","Unconscious Threat Anticipation","Electrodermal Response","Anxiety"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5906","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Tony Ro"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Martijn Wokke","David Johnson"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Kharlamova, Anastasiya Rumyantseva"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-05-03T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Cognitive Neuroscience"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Master"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Biological Psychology","Cognitive Psychology","Cognitive Science","Pavlovian Conditioning","Unconscious Threat Anticipation","Electrodermal Response","Anxiety"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5906"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The current study employed a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm to investigate the influence of pre-stimulus unconscious threat anticipation on subsequent fear responses in associative learning. Additionally, we explored the differences in pre-stimulus anticipation among individuals with varying levels of anxiety. Electrodermal response (EDA) was chosen as a primary measure due to its robustness in fear conditioning paradigms. Moreover, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was utilized to assess anxiety levels in participants. Twenty-seven subjects were recruited to determine if pre-stimulus skin conductance responses (SCR) would exhibit stimulus-specific patterns influenced by implicit cues (L-shaped configurations) that indicated an upcoming face or a house and if any stress fluctuations would occur in the skin conductance levels (SCL). The target type conditions were separated into three groups: One group represents houses and acts as a neutral stimulus (NS), where the aversive stimulus never happens. Another group represents the face targets, which are not paired with an aversive event (Face CS-), and the last one is the face targets paired with an electric pulse (Face CS+) at the end of the target presentation (last 0.05 sec). Participants exhibited significant changes in SCRs and SCLs between CS+ vs. CS- and NS vs. CS+ conditions. This result highlights the substantial impact of the administered electric pulse, eliciting heightened EDA responses across conditions. As there were no reliable differences from the cues, further research with larger sample sizes will be necessary to determine whether unconscious fear learning can take place or can be measured with EDA. Understanding the effects mentioned above can shed light on anxiety-related disorders and individual differences in associative learning processes, enhancing our understanding of the interplay between anxiety, anticipation, and physiology in cue-related threat paradigms.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Pre-Stimulus Anticipation and Unconscious Fear Learning Disparities in Individuals with Varying Levels of Anxiety"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Tony Ro"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Martijn Wokke","David Johnson"],"dc:creator":["Kharlamova, Anastasiya Rumyantseva"],"dc:date.available":["2024-05-03T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The current study employed a Pavlovian conditioning paradigm to investigate the influence of pre-stimulus unconscious threat anticipation on subsequent fear responses in associative learning. Additionally, we explored the differences in pre-stimulus anticipation among individuals with varying levels of anxiety. Electrodermal response (EDA) was chosen as a primary measure due to its robustness in fear conditioning paradigms. Moreover, the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was utilized to assess anxiety levels in participants. Twenty-seven subjects were recruited to determine if pre-stimulus skin conductance responses (SCR) would exhibit stimulus-specific patterns influenced by implicit cues (L-shaped configurations) that indicated an upcoming face or a house and if any stress fluctuations would occur in the skin conductance levels (SCL). The target type conditions were separated into three groups: One group represents houses and acts as a neutral stimulus (NS), where the aversive stimulus never happens. Another group represents the face targets, which are not paired with an aversive event (Face CS-), and the last one is the face targets paired with an electric pulse (Face CS+) at the end of the target presentation (last 0.05 sec). Participants exhibited significant changes in SCRs and SCLs between CS+ vs. CS- and NS vs. CS+ conditions. This result highlights the substantial impact of the administered electric pulse, eliciting heightened EDA responses across conditions. As there were no reliable differences from the cues, further research with larger sample sizes will be necessary to determine whether unconscious fear learning can take place or can be measured with EDA. Understanding the effects mentioned above can shed light on anxiety-related disorders and individual differences in associative learning processes, enhancing our understanding of the interplay between anxiety, anticipation, and physiology in cue-related threat paradigms.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5906"],"dc:subject":["Biological Psychology","Cognitive Psychology","Cognitive Science","Pavlovian Conditioning","Unconscious Threat Anticipation","Electrodermal Response","Anxiety"],"dc:title":["Pre-Stimulus Anticipation and Unconscious Fear Learning Disparities in Individuals with Varying Levels of Anxiety"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Cognitive Neuroscience"],"thesis:degree_level":["Master"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science"],"thesis:institution_name":["The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:59:38Z"}