The use of translation in language teaching has been a source of controversial debate, nevertheless, glossing—and, specifically, interlinear glossing—remains an understudied type of materials, despite having been used by learners and teachers of foreign languages since at least 1000 C.E. (Bata, Gwara & Porter, 1997). In the absence of a comprehensive literature review tracing the history of interlinear glossing, as well as the absence of enough empirical studies addressing the effect of glossing on cognitive effort in language learning, the present work aims at exploring the role of first language glossing in facilitating reading by describing the results of an intervention using different reading conditions in an English reading programme. In the experiment, a group of undergraduate participants, whose L1 was Spanish, were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: reading a text in English with a Spanish translation using either interlinear, construed or columnar glossing. A translation task of the same text into L1 followed immediately, and the same translation was repeated eight days after. Independent measures ANOVA reveal an increase of translated words for the interlinear over the other two conditions, which is consistent with the hypothesis that interlinear glossing allows explicit focus on meaning retrieval due to a reduction in the cognitive load of working memory, and the split attention effect between the L2 text and its corresponding translation in a separate page. This study aims to enrich our current understanding of the impact of glossing layouts on cognitive processing.
","abstract_html":"<p>The use of translation in language teaching has been a source of controversial debate, nevertheless, glossing—and, specifically, interlinear glossing—remains an understudied type of materials, despite having been used by learners and teachers of foreign languages since at least 1000 C.E. (Bata, Gwara & Porter, 1997). In the absence of a comprehensive literature review tracing the history of interlinear glossing, as well as the absence of enough empirical studies addressing the effect of glossing on cognitive effort in language learning, the present work aims at exploring the role of first language glossing in facilitating reading by describing the results of an intervention using different reading conditions in an English reading programme. In the experiment, a group of undergraduate participants, whose L1 was Spanish, were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: reading a text in English with a Spanish translation using either interlinear, construed or columnar glossing. A translation task of the same text into L1 followed immediately, and the same translation was repeated eight days after. Independent measures ANOVA reveal an increase of translated words for the interlinear over the other two conditions, which is consistent with the hypothesis that interlinear glossing allows explicit focus on meaning retrieval due to a reduction in the cognitive load of working memory, and the split attention effect between the L2 text and its corresponding translation in a separate page. This study aims to enrich our current understanding of the impact of glossing layouts on cognitive processing.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Bonilla Carvajal, Camilo Andrés"],"institution":"The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York","degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy","degree_level":"Doctoral","degree_discipline":"Linguistics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Gita Martohardjono"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Alberta Gatti","Beatriz Lado"],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-02-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2023-02-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:58:39Z","subjects":["Applied Linguistics","First and Second Language Acquisition","Language Interpretation and Translation","Modern Languages","Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics","Reading and Language","Interlinear translations","James Hamilton","glossing","cognitive load theory","L2 reading","word recall"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5178","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Gita Martohardjono"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Alberta Gatti","Beatriz Lado"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Bonilla Carvajal, Camilo Andrés"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-02-01T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Linguistics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Applied Linguistics","First and Second Language Acquisition","Language Interpretation and Translation","Modern Languages","Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics","Reading and Language","Interlinear translations","James Hamilton","glossing","cognitive load theory","L2 reading","word recall"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5178"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The use of translation in language teaching has been a source of controversial debate, nevertheless, glossing—and, specifically, interlinear glossing—remains an understudied type of materials, despite having been used by learners and teachers of foreign languages since at least 1000 C.E. (Bata, Gwara & Porter, 1997). In the absence of a comprehensive literature review tracing the history of interlinear glossing, as well as the absence of enough empirical studies addressing the effect of glossing on cognitive effort in language learning, the present work aims at exploring the role of first language glossing in facilitating reading by describing the results of an intervention using different reading conditions in an English reading programme. In the experiment, a group of undergraduate participants, whose L1 was Spanish, were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: reading a text in English with a Spanish translation using either interlinear, construed or columnar glossing. A translation task of the same text into L1 followed immediately, and the same translation was repeated eight days after. Independent measures ANOVA reveal an increase of translated words for the interlinear over the other two conditions, which is consistent with the hypothesis that interlinear glossing allows explicit focus on meaning retrieval due to a reduction in the cognitive load of working memory, and the split attention effect between the L2 text and its corresponding translation in a separate page. This study aims to enrich our current understanding of the impact of glossing layouts on cognitive processing.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Type of Glossing Affects Cognitive Load and Retrieval of Meaning During L2 Reading"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Gita Martohardjono"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Alberta Gatti","Beatriz Lado"],"dc:creator":["Bonilla Carvajal, Camilo Andrés"],"dc:date.available":["2025-02-01T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The use of translation in language teaching has been a source of controversial debate, nevertheless, glossing—and, specifically, interlinear glossing—remains an understudied type of materials, despite having been used by learners and teachers of foreign languages since at least 1000 C.E. (Bata, Gwara & Porter, 1997). In the absence of a comprehensive literature review tracing the history of interlinear glossing, as well as the absence of enough empirical studies addressing the effect of glossing on cognitive effort in language learning, the present work aims at exploring the role of first language glossing in facilitating reading by describing the results of an intervention using different reading conditions in an English reading programme. In the experiment, a group of undergraduate participants, whose L1 was Spanish, were assigned to one of three experimental conditions: reading a text in English with a Spanish translation using either interlinear, construed or columnar glossing. A translation task of the same text into L1 followed immediately, and the same translation was repeated eight days after. Independent measures ANOVA reveal an increase of translated words for the interlinear over the other two conditions, which is consistent with the hypothesis that interlinear glossing allows explicit focus on meaning retrieval due to a reduction in the cognitive load of working memory, and the split attention effect between the L2 text and its corresponding translation in a separate page. This study aims to enrich our current understanding of the impact of glossing layouts on cognitive processing.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/5178"],"dc:subject":["Applied Linguistics","First and Second Language Acquisition","Language Interpretation and Translation","Modern Languages","Psycholinguistics and Neurolinguistics","Reading and Language","Interlinear translations","James Hamilton","glossing","cognitive load theory","L2 reading","word recall"],"dc:title":["Type of Glossing Affects Cognitive Load and Retrieval of Meaning During L2 Reading"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Linguistics"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy"],"thesis:institution_name":["The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:58:39Z"}