Human Trafficking Intervention Courts (HTICs) have been operating in New York City in an effort to connect victims of human trafficking to treatment programs. Unfortunately, the net that the courts cast was too wide and people who did not identify as victims of human trafficking were coerced into treatment programs that they did not need or want. Through textual discourse analysis and ethnographic observation, this paper explores the contestation of victimhood in HTICs by focusing on the experiences of defendants and how they are perceived by the police, judges, and other agents of the HTICs. Before entering the HTICs, defendants are perceived as criminals as shown by the justification and criteria for their arrest by the police. In the HTICs, defendants are no longer perceived as criminals, instead they are perceived as victims through the Presupposition of Victimhood. Decriminalizing perceptions of people who did not identify as victims of human trafficking was a step in the right direction, however, more work still needs to be done in order to recognize the agency of sex workers who have been caught up in the HTICs. The way that identity is created and mediated within the HTICs shows how ambiguity, inscribed in the perception of defendants as victims, operates as a barrier to the acceptance of sex worker agency. Underlying this ambiguity is an ideology of Exceptionalism which places the HTICs as the uniquely equipped saviors of defendants in need of their intervention.
","abstract_html":"<p>Human Trafficking Intervention Courts (HTICs) have been operating in New York City in an effort to connect victims of human trafficking to treatment programs. Unfortunately, the net that the courts cast was too wide and people who did not identify as victims of human trafficking were coerced into treatment programs that they did not need or want. Through textual discourse analysis and ethnographic observation, this paper explores the contestation of victimhood in HTICs by focusing on the experiences of defendants and how they are perceived by the police, judges, and other agents of the HTICs. Before entering the HTICs, defendants are perceived as criminals as shown by the justification and criteria for their arrest by the police. In the HTICs, defendants are no longer perceived as criminals, instead they are perceived as victims through the Presupposition of Victimhood. Decriminalizing perceptions of people who did not identify as victims of human trafficking was a step in the right direction, however, more work still needs to be done in order to recognize the agency of sex workers who have been caught up in the HTICs. The way that identity is created and mediated within the HTICs shows how ambiguity, inscribed in the perception of defendants as victims, operates as a barrier to the acceptance of sex worker agency. Underlying this ambiguity is an ideology of Exceptionalism which places the HTICs as the uniquely equipped saviors of defendants in need of their intervention.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Romig, Mark T"],"institution":"The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York","degree_name":"Master of Arts","degree_level":"Master","degree_discipline":"Linguistics","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Miki Makihara"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-02-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2017-02-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:00:26Z","subjects":["Courts","Discourse and Text Linguistics","Jurisprudence","Linguistic Anthropology","State and Local Government Law","Discourse Analysis; Law; Semiotics; Ideology"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1908","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Miki Makihara"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Romig, Mark T"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-01-30T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Linguistics"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Master"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Courts","Discourse and Text Linguistics","Jurisprudence","Linguistic Anthropology","State and Local Government Law","Discourse Analysis; Law; Semiotics; Ideology"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1908"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Human Trafficking Intervention Courts (HTICs) have been operating in New York City in an effort to connect victims of human trafficking to treatment programs. Unfortunately, the net that the courts cast was too wide and people who did not identify as victims of human trafficking were coerced into treatment programs that they did not need or want. Through textual discourse analysis and ethnographic observation, this paper explores the contestation of victimhood in HTICs by focusing on the experiences of defendants and how they are perceived by the police, judges, and other agents of the HTICs. Before entering the HTICs, defendants are perceived as criminals as shown by the justification and criteria for their arrest by the police. In the HTICs, defendants are no longer perceived as criminals, instead they are perceived as victims through the Presupposition of Victimhood. Decriminalizing perceptions of people who did not identify as victims of human trafficking was a step in the right direction, however, more work still needs to be done in order to recognize the agency of sex workers who have been caught up in the HTICs. The way that identity is created and mediated within the HTICs shows how ambiguity, inscribed in the perception of defendants as victims, operates as a barrier to the acceptance of sex worker agency. Underlying this ambiguity is an ideology of Exceptionalism which places the HTICs as the uniquely equipped saviors of defendants in need of their intervention.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Contesting Victimhood: A Linguistic and Legal Anthropological Analysis of Defendant Experiences in New York’s Human Trafficking Intervention Courts"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Miki Makihara"],"dc:creator":["Romig, Mark T"],"dc:date.available":["2017-01-30T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Human Trafficking Intervention Courts (HTICs) have been operating in New York City in an effort to connect victims of human trafficking to treatment programs. Unfortunately, the net that the courts cast was too wide and people who did not identify as victims of human trafficking were coerced into treatment programs that they did not need or want. Through textual discourse analysis and ethnographic observation, this paper explores the contestation of victimhood in HTICs by focusing on the experiences of defendants and how they are perceived by the police, judges, and other agents of the HTICs. Before entering the HTICs, defendants are perceived as criminals as shown by the justification and criteria for their arrest by the police. In the HTICs, defendants are no longer perceived as criminals, instead they are perceived as victims through the Presupposition of Victimhood. Decriminalizing perceptions of people who did not identify as victims of human trafficking was a step in the right direction, however, more work still needs to be done in order to recognize the agency of sex workers who have been caught up in the HTICs. The way that identity is created and mediated within the HTICs shows how ambiguity, inscribed in the perception of defendants as victims, operates as a barrier to the acceptance of sex worker agency. Underlying this ambiguity is an ideology of Exceptionalism which places the HTICs as the uniquely equipped saviors of defendants in need of their intervention.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1908"],"dc:subject":["Courts","Discourse and Text Linguistics","Jurisprudence","Linguistic Anthropology","State and Local Government Law","Discourse Analysis; Law; Semiotics; Ideology"],"dc:title":["Contesting Victimhood: A Linguistic and Legal Anthropological Analysis of Defendant Experiences in New York’s Human Trafficking Intervention Courts"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Linguistics"],"thesis:degree_level":["Master"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts"],"thesis:institution_name":["The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T02:00:26Z"}