Psychodynamic assessment of object relations on projective tests has consistently been shown to contribute to a better understanding of children’s psychological functioning and to guide therapeutic interventions (Tuber, 1992). This research examines the enhanced utility of applying a psychodynamically-derived scale of children’s object relations to a commonly used projective assessment tool, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (Morgan & Murray, 1935; Murray, 1943). The current study investigates the adaptation and application of the Mutuality of Autonomy Scale (MOA) (Urist, 1977; Urist & Shill, 1982), commonly used as a Rorschach Inkblot Method object relations scale, to examine verbal narratives on the TAT. It was hypothesized that findings from the proposed study would demonstrate that the MOA is a readily employable scale for examining children’s object relational paradigms on TAT responses. A second aim of the study was to demonstrate concurrent validity between MOA scores and the Defense Mechanisms Manual (DMM), a well-validated tool for assessing developmental level of defenses on the TAT (Cramer, 1991). In addition, this work contributes to the need for empirically-validated, systematic approaches to interpreting TAT data (Rossini & Moretti, 1997; Cramer, 2004). The findings showed several expected, significant relationships between level of defense and object relations that confirmed the study’s hypotheses. Children who used the most mature defense of identification also showed more adaptive object relations. Use of denial, the most primitive defense, was negatively correlated with both maladaptive and adaptive object relations. Use of projection was correlated with the most disturbed object relations. The findings provide insight into the relationship between defenses and object relationships and contribute to the psychodynamic theory of personality development. The research constitutes an early stage of psychometric validation for the MOA as adapted for use with the TAT.
","abstract_html":"<p>Psychodynamic assessment of object relations on projective tests has consistently been shown to contribute to a better understanding of children’s psychological functioning and to guide therapeutic interventions (Tuber, 1992). This research examines the enhanced utility of applying a psychodynamically-derived scale of children’s object relations to a commonly used projective assessment tool, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (Morgan & Murray, 1935; Murray, 1943). The current study investigates the adaptation and application of the Mutuality of Autonomy Scale (MOA) (Urist, 1977; Urist & Shill, 1982), commonly used as a Rorschach Inkblot Method object relations scale, to examine verbal narratives on the TAT. It was hypothesized that findings from the proposed study would demonstrate that the MOA is a readily employable scale for examining children’s object relational paradigms on TAT responses. A second aim of the study was to demonstrate concurrent validity between MOA scores and the Defense Mechanisms Manual (DMM), a well-validated tool for assessing developmental level of defenses on the TAT (Cramer, 1991). In addition, this work contributes to the need for empirically-validated, systematic approaches to interpreting TAT data (Rossini & Moretti, 1997; Cramer, 2004). The findings showed several expected, significant relationships between level of defense and object relations that confirmed the study’s hypotheses. Children who used the most mature defense of identification also showed more adaptive object relations. Use of denial, the most primitive defense, was negatively correlated with both maladaptive and adaptive object relations. Use of projection was correlated with the most disturbed object relations. The findings provide insight into the relationship between defenses and object relationships and contribute to the psychodynamic theory of personality development. The research constitutes an early stage of psychometric validation for the MOA as adapted for use with the TAT.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Thom, Lily A"],"institution":"The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York","degree_name":"Doctor of Philosophy","degree_level":"Doctoral","degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Steven Tuber"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Lissa Weinstein","Benjamin Harris","Susan Coates","Hilary Gomes"],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-09-30T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-09-30T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:58:31Z","subjects":["Mental Disorders","Psychiatry and Psychology","Psychological Phenomena and Processes","psychological testing","projective testing","TAT"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1544","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Steven Tuber"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Lissa Weinstein","Benjamin Harris","Susan Coates","Hilary Gomes"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Thom, Lily A"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-09-08T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Doctoral"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Doctor of Philosophy"]},{"key":"thesis:institution_name","label":"Thesis Institution Name","values":["The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Mental Disorders","Psychiatry and Psychology","Psychological Phenomena and Processes","psychological testing","projective testing","TAT"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1544"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Psychodynamic assessment of object relations on projective tests has consistently been shown to contribute to a better understanding of children’s psychological functioning and to guide therapeutic interventions (Tuber, 1992). This research examines the enhanced utility of applying a psychodynamically-derived scale of children’s object relations to a commonly used projective assessment tool, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (Morgan & Murray, 1935; Murray, 1943). The current study investigates the adaptation and application of the Mutuality of Autonomy Scale (MOA) (Urist, 1977; Urist & Shill, 1982), commonly used as a Rorschach Inkblot Method object relations scale, to examine verbal narratives on the TAT. It was hypothesized that findings from the proposed study would demonstrate that the MOA is a readily employable scale for examining children’s object relational paradigms on TAT responses. A second aim of the study was to demonstrate concurrent validity between MOA scores and the Defense Mechanisms Manual (DMM), a well-validated tool for assessing developmental level of defenses on the TAT (Cramer, 1991). In addition, this work contributes to the need for empirically-validated, systematic approaches to interpreting TAT data (Rossini & Moretti, 1997; Cramer, 2004). The findings showed several expected, significant relationships between level of defense and object relations that confirmed the study’s hypotheses. Children who used the most mature defense of identification also showed more adaptive object relations. Use of denial, the most primitive defense, was negatively correlated with both maladaptive and adaptive object relations. Use of projection was correlated with the most disturbed object relations. The findings provide insight into the relationship between defenses and object relationships and contribute to the psychodynamic theory of personality development. The research constitutes an early stage of psychometric validation for the MOA as adapted for use with the TAT.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Object Relations in Children's Projective Testing: Applying the Mutuality of Autonomy Scale to the Thematic Apperception Test"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Steven Tuber"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Lissa Weinstein","Benjamin Harris","Susan Coates","Hilary Gomes"],"dc:creator":["Thom, Lily A"],"dc:date.available":["2016-09-08T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Psychodynamic assessment of object relations on projective tests has consistently been shown to contribute to a better understanding of children’s psychological functioning and to guide therapeutic interventions (Tuber, 1992). This research examines the enhanced utility of applying a psychodynamically-derived scale of children’s object relations to a commonly used projective assessment tool, the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) (Morgan & Murray, 1935; Murray, 1943). The current study investigates the adaptation and application of the Mutuality of Autonomy Scale (MOA) (Urist, 1977; Urist & Shill, 1982), commonly used as a Rorschach Inkblot Method object relations scale, to examine verbal narratives on the TAT. It was hypothesized that findings from the proposed study would demonstrate that the MOA is a readily employable scale for examining children’s object relational paradigms on TAT responses. A second aim of the study was to demonstrate concurrent validity between MOA scores and the Defense Mechanisms Manual (DMM), a well-validated tool for assessing developmental level of defenses on the TAT (Cramer, 1991). In addition, this work contributes to the need for empirically-validated, systematic approaches to interpreting TAT data (Rossini & Moretti, 1997; Cramer, 2004). The findings showed several expected, significant relationships between level of defense and object relations that confirmed the study’s hypotheses. Children who used the most mature defense of identification also showed more adaptive object relations. Use of denial, the most primitive defense, was negatively correlated with both maladaptive and adaptive object relations. Use of projection was correlated with the most disturbed object relations. The findings provide insight into the relationship between defenses and object relationships and contribute to the psychodynamic theory of personality development. The research constitutes an early stage of psychometric validation for the MOA as adapted for use with the TAT.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/1544"],"dc:subject":["Mental Disorders","Psychiatry and Psychology","Psychological Phenomena and Processes","psychological testing","projective testing","TAT"],"dc:title":["Object Relations in Children's Projective Testing: Applying the Mutuality of Autonomy Scale to the Thematic Apperception Test"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_level":["Doctoral"],"thesis:degree_name":["Doctor of Philosophy"],"thesis:institution_name":["The Graduate School and University Center of The City University of New York"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:58:31Z"}