Children and adolescents and modified twin block for Class II division 1 malocclusion compared to controls: quantitative and qualitative analyses

Aims • To evaluate the impact Modified Twin Block (MTB) treatment has on oral health related quality of life (OHRQoL), self-esteem, self-perception of aesthetic treatment need and 3D soft tissue facial changes in children with Class II division 1 malocclusion (II/1M) compared to children with II/1M awaiting treatment who served as controls. • To assess the effect MTB treatment has on family quality of life (QoL) and on both the parent’s perception of their child’s OHRQoL and aesthetic treatment need compared to controls. • To assess the level of agreement of child OHRQoL and perception of aesthetic treatment need by child and parent between groups. Materials and methods Following ethical approval, 60 subjects (31 males; 29 females) received MTB treatment (MTB group) and 47 subjects (22 males; 25 females) with II/1M awaiting treatment served as controls (Control group). At baseline (T1) and following MTB treatment/recall (T2) all subjects completed the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ11-14), Child Health Questionnaire short from (CHQ-CF45) and self-assessed aesthetic treatment need (IOTN-AC). Each child also had a 3D facial image captured at rest. At the same time points, a parent of each child completed the Parent-Caregiver Perception Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and assessed their child’s aesthetic treatment need (IOTN-AC). Comparisons of patient demographics were made using ANOVA and Chi-square tests. ANOVA was used for comparisons in CPQ, P-CPQ, CHQ-CF45 and 3D soft tissue facial changes at T1 and T2 between groups and paired t-tests were used within both groups. Bowker’s symmetry test was used to compare IOTN-AC within groups and Fisher’s Exact test was used between groups. ANOVA was used to test for associations between CPQ, CHQ, IOTN-AC, and 3D soft tissue facial change. Results Forty-two subjects (20 males; 22 females) completed MTB treatment (average duration 8.5 months; range 5-12 months) and 35 untreated II/1M subjects (15 males; 20 females) were recalled after an average time of 11 months (range 9-13 months). At T1, groups were similar in age (p=0.1402) and gender (p=0.2973) but overjet in the MTB group was slightly greater (p=0.0016). At T2, there was a significant improvement in the MTB group in overall OHRQoL (p<0.0001) and self-perception of aesthetic treatment need (p=0.018) but there was no change in self-esteem (p=0.144). Significant improvements occurred in family QoL (p=0.0001), in parent’s perception of both their child’s OHRQoL (p<0.0001) and aesthetic treatment need (p<0.0001). In the MTB and Control groups and at both time points, the level of agreement between child and parent perception of the child’s OHRQoL was poor with parents rating it worse [MTB group T1, p=0.0001; T2, p=0.003]; [Control group T1, p=0.001; T2, p=0.008]. At T1, parents rated the aesthetic treatment need to be greater than their child in the MTB group (p=0.054) and Control group (p=0.04). At T2, the level of agreement between the child and parent in their aesthetic treatment need was similar (p=0.262) but in the MTB group children perceived their aesthetic treatment need to be greater than their parents (p=0.019). From T1 to T2, significant 3D soft tissue changes occurred at Pogonion in the MTB group 4.26 mm (p= 0.001) and in the Control group 3.29 mm (p=0.002) but the mean difference between the groups (0.97 mm; p=0.011) was not clinically significant. Conclusions • MTB treatment significantly improved the OHRQoL and self-perception of aesthetic treatment need in children with II/1M but had no significant impact on self-esteem or 3D soft tissue facial changes compared to controls. • MTB treatment significantly improved the family QoL and both the parent’s perception of their child’s OHRQoL and aesthetic treatment need compared to controls. • In children following MTB treatment or awaiting treatment, poor agreement existed between the child and parent perception of OHRQoL and aesthetic treatment need.

Grantor dc:publisher

University College Cork

Year dc:date.issued

2021

Author dc:creator

• O'Dwyer, Caroline

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Millett, Declan

• Class II malocclusion
• Quality of life
• Oral health related quality of life
• Children and adolescents
• Class II division 1
• Increased overjet

Statement dc:rights

• © 2021, Caroline O'Dwyer.

Licence dc:rights.uri

• https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

Language dc:language.iso

en

Handle dc:identifier.uri

https://hdl.handle.net/10468/11974

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:cora.ucc.ie:10468/11974