Very little has been written about the use of calculators by children with exceptional needs, although calculators are already being used by most adults who seldom do any but the simplest calculations by hand (Thorpe, 1988). They use calculators for everything from balancing checkbooks to computing sales tax.
Yet there are teachers and many parents who believe, says Wheatley (1984), that using calculators will lessen the opportunity for students to master basics. They believe that calculators should not be used until children become proficient with paper-and-pencil calculations. Some say that students should become facile in the use of calculators. Still others claim that calculators are essential in today's society.
","abstract_html":"<p>Very little has been written about the use of calculators by children with exceptional needs, although calculators are already being used by most adults who seldom do any but the simplest calculations by hand (Thorpe, 1988). They use calculators for everything from balancing checkbooks to computing sales tax.</p> <p>Yet there are teachers and many parents who believe, says Wheatley (1984), that using calculators will lessen the opportunity for students to master basics. They believe that calculators should not be used until children become proficient with paper-and-pencil calculations. Some say that students should become facile in the use of calculators. Still others claim that calculators are essential in today's society.</p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hurley, Celia M."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Specialist in Education","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"Teacher Education","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr. Mary M. Lindquist","Dr. Tom Atkins","Dr. Harold L. Whitman"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1991,"date_issued":"1991-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"1991-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:45:18Z","subjects":["Calculators","Exceptional Needs","Special Education","National Council of Teachers of Mathematics","Special Needs","Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching","Science and Mathematics Education","Special Education and Teaching"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations/660","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr. Mary M. Lindquist","Dr. Tom Atkins","Dr. Harold L. Whitman"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hurley, Celia M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Teacher Education"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Specialist in Education"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Calculators","Exceptional Needs","Special Education","National Council of Teachers of Mathematics","Special Needs","Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching","Science and Mathematics Education","Special Education and Teaching"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations/660"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Very little has been written about the use of calculators by children with exceptional needs, although calculators are already being used by most adults who seldom do any but the simplest calculations by hand (Thorpe, 1988). They use calculators for everything from balancing checkbooks to computing sales tax.
Yet there are teachers and many parents who believe, says Wheatley (1984), that using calculators will lessen the opportunity for students to master basics. They believe that calculators should not be used until children become proficient with paper-and-pencil calculations. Some say that students should become facile in the use of calculators. Still others claim that calculators are essential in today's society.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Calculators in Special Education Mathematics Classes in a Junior High School"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr. Mary M. Lindquist","Dr. Tom Atkins","Dr. Harold L. Whitman"],"dc:creator":["Hurley, Celia M."],"dc:description.abstract":["Very little has been written about the use of calculators by children with exceptional needs, although calculators are already being used by most adults who seldom do any but the simplest calculations by hand (Thorpe, 1988). They use calculators for everything from balancing checkbooks to computing sales tax.
Yet there are teachers and many parents who believe, says Wheatley (1984), that using calculators will lessen the opportunity for students to master basics. They believe that calculators should not be used until children become proficient with paper-and-pencil calculations. Some say that students should become facile in the use of calculators. Still others claim that calculators are essential in today's society.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://csuepress.columbusstate.edu/theses_dissertations/660"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["Calculators","Exceptional Needs","Special Education","National Council of Teachers of Mathematics","Special Needs","Junior High, Intermediate, Middle School Education and Teaching","Science and Mathematics Education","Special Education and Teaching"],"dc:title":["Calculators in Special Education Mathematics Classes in a Junior High School"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Teacher Education"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Specialist in Education"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:45:18Z"}