Three essays on the environment and health in cities
type: CreativeWork
description: In my dissertation, I examine the impacts of the local urban environment on health in the developed and developing world. By 2008, more than half the global population resided in urban areas, yet many questions regarding the health impact of urban environmental factors remain unanswered. I use large, unique micro data sets on fetal health in New York City, where 8 million people reside, to observe the impacts of air pollution and extreme weather events on birth outcomes. Previous work has shown that fetal health can affect long-run outcomes, like educational attainment or income, so it is necessary to understand how exposure to various environmental factors might affect fetal health. In contrast to the U.S. where air quality regulations have been implemented since the 1960's, I also observe air pollution in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya and home to 3.1 million residents. Currently, there are no air quality regulations enforced in Kenya, nor any long-term consistent pollution monitoring, though by 2020, more than half of Kenya's population is expected to reside in urban areas. Additionally, few studies have examine urban air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa. So in another chapter, I measure occupational exposure levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for individuals who work by roadways and inside informal settlements. These chapters incorporate elements from economics, public health, and atmospheric science to better understand these issues and the potential policies needed to reconcile problems of urban development and sustainability. In my first chapter, "Transit buses and fetal health: Evaluating the impacts of bus pollution policies in New York City," I provide the first estimates of the impacts of diesel vehicles on fetal health using quasi-experimental analysis. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) re- duced emission standards for transit buses by 98% between 1988 and 2010. I exploit the variation induced by these policy changes over time to evalua…
abstract: In my dissertation, I examine the impacts of the local urban environment on health in the developed and developing world. By 2008, more than half the global population resided in urban areas, yet many questions regarding the health impact of urban environmental factors remain unanswered. I use large, unique micro data sets on fetal health in New York City, where 8 million people reside, to observe the impacts of air pollution and extreme weather events on birth outcomes. Previous work has shown that fetal health can affect long-run outcomes, like educational attainment or income, so it is necessary to understand how exposure to various environmental factors might affect fetal health. In contrast to the U.S. where air quality regulations have been implemented since the 1960's, I also observe air pollution in Nairobi, the capital of Kenya and home to 3.1 million residents. Currently, there are no air quality regulations enforced in Kenya, nor any long-term consistent pollution monitoring, though by 2020, more than half of Kenya's population is expected to reside in urban areas. Additionally, few studies have examine urban air pollution in sub-Saharan Africa. So in another chapter, I measure occupational exposure levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) for individuals who work by roadways and inside informal settlements. These chapters incorporate elements from economics, public health, and atmospheric science to better understand these issues and the potential policies needed to reconcile problems of urban development and sustainability. In my first chapter, "Transit buses and fetal health: Evaluating the impacts of bus pollution policies in New York City," I provide the first estimates of the impacts of diesel vehicles on fetal health using quasi-experimental analysis. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) re- duced emission standards for transit buses by 98% between 1988 and 2010. I exploit the variation induced by these policy changes over time to evalua…
author: Ngo, Nicole
language: English
keywords: Environmental economics, Environmental health, Public policy (Law)
date published: 2013
date modified: 2026-07-24T01:44:31Z
provider: Columbia University
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Columbia University

PropertyValue
property ID: DOI
value: 10.7916/D8PR7VB9