{"id":{"repo_id":"colo-mines","oai_identifier":"oai:repository.mines.edu:11124/179127"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/colo-mines/oai:repository.mines.edu:11124/179127","repository":{"repo_id":"colo-mines","name":"Colorado School of Mines","base_url":"https://repository.mines.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Integrating fluidized bed heat exchangers and particle thermal energy storage with sCO₂ recompression Brayton cycles for concentrating solar power","abstract":"Oxide particles provide a cost-effective solution for thermal energy storage (TES) in future concentrating solar power (CSP) plants that implement supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycles at firing temperatures above 700°C. However, the design of effective particle-sCO2 HXs (HX) remains a challenge. Recent studies have explored how mild fluidization of gravity-fed particle flows can increase overall particle-sCO2 heat transfer coefficient, U_{\\mathrm{HX}} to \\approx 600 W m2 K-1 by decreasing thermal resistance between the particles and the walls. A test apparatus was set up to study heat transfer in a single-channel fluidized bed at temperatures up to 500°C. Particle-to-wall heat transfer coefficient, h_{\\mathrm{T,\\ w}} increases to a maximum at each temperature at intermediate gas velocities. Correlations for h_{\\mathrm{T,\\ w}} fitted to the experimental data are implemented into a quasi 1-D model of a particle-sCO2 HX core with narrow-channel fluidized particle beds and micro-channel sCO2 counter-flows in the HX walls bounding the fluidized bed. A process model of an sCO2 recompression Brayton cycle (RCBC) with turbine firing temperatures > 700°C was integrated with the 1-D particle-sCO2 HX model and a particle TES sub-system model to assess optimal operating conditions for CSP. Am optimization routine was used to identify HX designs and operating conditions which reduced HX costs ($ kWth-1) and full-system costs based on the levelized cost of electricity, LCOE ($ kW-1 h-1). Test results from a baseline 40-kWth demonstration HX provided a basis to scale HX performance to a multi-unit 100-MW CSP plant with TES. Full plant process model suggests HX costs below 150 $ kWth-1 and LCOE < 0.06 $ kW-1 h-1 cost targets can be achieved with particle-{\\rm sCO}_2 HXs operating at mild fluidization conditions with predicted U_{\\mathrm{HX}} = 464 W m-2 K-1 and with low parasitic losses due to small fluidizing gas mass flow rates below 2% of the net losses. An effective fluidized-bed particle-sCO2 HX design was identified for a 100-MWe CSP plant with TES at a HX cost of 130 $ kWth-1 and LCOE = 0.055 $ kW-1 h-1.","abstract_html":"Oxide particles provide a cost-effective solution for thermal energy storage (TES) in future concentrating solar power (CSP) plants that implement supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycles at firing temperatures above 700°C. However, the design of effective particle-sCO2 HXs (HX) remains a challenge. Recent studies have explored how mild fluidization of gravity-fed particle flows can increase overall particle-sCO2 heat transfer coefficient, U_{\\mathrm{HX}} to \\approx 600 W m2 K-1 by decreasing thermal resistance between the particles and the walls. A test apparatus was set up to study heat transfer in a single-channel fluidized bed at temperatures up to 500°C. Particle-to-wall heat transfer coefficient, h_{\\mathrm{T,\\ w}} increases to a maximum at each temperature at intermediate gas velocities. Correlations for h_{\\mathrm{T,\\ w}} fitted to the experimental data are implemented into a quasi 1-D model of a particle-sCO2 HX core with narrow-channel fluidized particle beds and micro-channel sCO2 counter-flows in the HX walls bounding the fluidized bed. A process model of an sCO2 recompression Brayton cycle (RCBC) with turbine firing temperatures &gt; 700°C was integrated with the 1-D particle-sCO2 HX model and a particle TES sub-system model to assess optimal operating conditions for CSP. Am optimization routine was used to identify HX designs and operating conditions which reduced HX costs ($ kWth-1) and full-system costs based on the levelized cost of electricity, LCOE ($ kW-1 h-1). Test results from a baseline 40-kWth demonstration HX provided a basis to scale HX performance to a multi-unit 100-MW CSP plant with TES. Full plant process model suggests HX costs below 150 $ kWth-1 and LCOE &lt; 0.06 $ kW-1 h-1 cost targets can be achieved with particle-{\\rm sCO}_2 HXs operating at mild fluidization conditions with predicted U_{\\mathrm{HX}} = 464 W m-2 K-1 and with low parasitic losses due to small fluidizing gas mass flow rates below 2% of the net losses. An effective fluidized-bed particle-sCO2 HX design was identified for a 100-MWe CSP plant with TES at a HX cost of 130 $ kWth-1 and LCOE = 0.055 $ kW-1 h-1.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Hernandez, Xavier"],"institution":"Colorado School of Mines. Arthur Lakes Library","degree_name":"Master of Science (M.S.)","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Mechanical Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Jackson, Gregory"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["Braun, Robert J.","Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar"],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023","date_published":"2023","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:42:56Z","subjects":["concentrating solar power","fluidized bed","heat exchanger","particle-wall heat transfer","sCO₂ power cycle","thermal energy storage"],"languages":["eng","English"],"rights":["Copyright of the original work is retained by the author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["T 9692"],"render_values":[{"text":"T 9692","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11124/179127","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Jackson, Gregory"]},{"key":"dc:contributor.committeemember","label":"Committee Member","values":["Braun, Robert J.","Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Hernandez, Xavier"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2024-07-10T18:50:01Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2024-07-10T18:50:01Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2023"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Colorado School of Mines. 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However, the design of effective particle-sCO2 HXs (HX) remains a challenge. Recent studies have explored how mild fluidization of gravity-fed particle flows can increase overall particle-sCO2 heat transfer coefficient, U_{\\mathrm{HX}} to \\approx 600 W m2 K-1 by decreasing thermal resistance between the particles and the walls. A test apparatus was set up to study heat transfer in a single-channel fluidized bed at temperatures up to 500°C. Particle-to-wall heat transfer coefficient, h_{\\mathrm{T,\\ w}} increases to a maximum at each temperature at intermediate gas velocities. Correlations for h_{\\mathrm{T,\\ w}} fitted to the experimental data are implemented into a quasi 1-D model of a particle-sCO2 HX core with narrow-channel fluidized particle beds and micro-channel sCO2 counter-flows in the HX walls bounding the fluidized bed. A process model of an sCO2 recompression Brayton cycle (RCBC) with turbine firing temperatures > 700°C was integrated with the 1-D particle-sCO2 HX model and a particle TES sub-system model to assess optimal operating conditions for CSP. Am optimization routine was used to identify HX designs and operating conditions which reduced HX costs ($ kWth-1) and full-system costs based on the levelized cost of electricity, LCOE ($ kW-1 h-1). Test results from a baseline 40-kWth demonstration HX provided a basis to scale HX performance to a multi-unit 100-MW CSP plant with TES. Full plant process model suggests HX costs below 150 $ kWth-1 and LCOE < 0.06 $ kW-1 h-1 cost targets can be achieved with particle-{\\rm sCO}_2 HXs operating at mild fluidization conditions with predicted U_{\\mathrm{HX}} = 464 W m-2 K-1 and with low parasitic losses due to small fluidizing gas mass flow rates below 2% of the net losses. An effective fluidized-bed particle-sCO2 HX design was identified for a 100-MWe CSP plant with TES at a HX cost of 130 $ kWth-1 and LCOE = 0.055 $ kW-1 h-1."]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["born digital","masters theses"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Integrating fluidized bed heat exchangers and particle thermal energy storage with sCO₂ recompression Brayton cycles for concentrating solar power"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Jackson, Gregory"],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["Braun, Robert J.","Tabares-Velasco, Paulo Cesar"],"dc:creator":["Hernandez, Xavier"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2024-07-10T18:50:01Z"],"dc:date.available":["2024-07-10T18:50:01Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2023"],"dc:description":["Includes bibliographical references.","2023 Fall."],"dc:description.abstract":["Oxide particles provide a cost-effective solution for thermal energy storage (TES) in future concentrating solar power (CSP) plants that implement supercritical carbon dioxide (sCO2) cycles at firing temperatures above 700°C. However, the design of effective particle-sCO2 HXs (HX) remains a challenge. Recent studies have explored how mild fluidization of gravity-fed particle flows can increase overall particle-sCO2 heat transfer coefficient, U_{\\mathrm{HX}} to \\approx 600 W m2 K-1 by decreasing thermal resistance between the particles and the walls. A test apparatus was set up to study heat transfer in a single-channel fluidized bed at temperatures up to 500°C. Particle-to-wall heat transfer coefficient, h_{\\mathrm{T,\\ w}} increases to a maximum at each temperature at intermediate gas velocities. Correlations for h_{\\mathrm{T,\\ w}} fitted to the experimental data are implemented into a quasi 1-D model of a particle-sCO2 HX core with narrow-channel fluidized particle beds and micro-channel sCO2 counter-flows in the HX walls bounding the fluidized bed. A process model of an sCO2 recompression Brayton cycle (RCBC) with turbine firing temperatures > 700°C was integrated with the 1-D particle-sCO2 HX model and a particle TES sub-system model to assess optimal operating conditions for CSP. Am optimization routine was used to identify HX designs and operating conditions which reduced HX costs ($ kWth-1) and full-system costs based on the levelized cost of electricity, LCOE ($ kW-1 h-1). Test results from a baseline 40-kWth demonstration HX provided a basis to scale HX performance to a multi-unit 100-MW CSP plant with TES. Full plant process model suggests HX costs below 150 $ kWth-1 and LCOE < 0.06 $ kW-1 h-1 cost targets can be achieved with particle-{\\rm sCO}_2 HXs operating at mild fluidization conditions with predicted U_{\\mathrm{HX}} = 464 W m-2 K-1 and with low parasitic losses due to small fluidizing gas mass flow rates below 2% of the net losses. An effective fluidized-bed particle-sCO2 HX design was identified for a 100-MWe CSP plant with TES at a HX cost of 130 $ kWth-1 and LCOE = 0.055 $ kW-1 h-1."],"dc:format.medium":["born digital","masters theses"],"dc:identifier":["Hernandez_mines_0052N_12774.pdf","T 9692"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/11124/179127"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Colorado School of Mines. Arthur Lakes Library"],"dc:rights":["Copyright of the original work is retained by the author."],"dc:subject":["concentrating solar power","fluidized bed","heat exchanger","particle-wall heat transfer","sCO₂ power cycle","thermal energy storage"],"dc:title":["Integrating fluidized bed heat exchangers and particle thermal energy storage with sCO₂ recompression Brayton cycles for concentrating solar power"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Mechanical Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (M.S.)"],"thesis:institution_name":["Colorado School of Mines"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:42:56Z"}