{"id":{"repo_id":"colo-mines","oai_identifier":"oai:repository.mines.edu:11124/176486"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/colo-mines/oai:repository.mines.edu:11124/176486","repository":{"repo_id":"colo-mines","name":"Colorado School of Mines","base_url":"https://repository.mines.edu/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Quenching and partitioning plate steel for wear and toughness applications","abstract":"There is interest in exploring the application of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing to produce low-alloy steel plates with increased wear resistance and toughness for use in the mining and earth moving industries. This work investigates the application of Q&P heat treatments to 18 mm thick low-alloy steel plates to obtain microstructures containing martensite and retained austenite (RA) that are wear resistant and tough compared to more traditional as-quenched (AQ) and quench and tempered (Q&T) heat treated plates.Three experimental alloys were used in this work: Base (0.2C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr-0.25Mo), Base-Mo (0.2C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr), and Base+C (0.3C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr-0.25Mo). Using a thermal model and dilatometry, heat treatment paths were designed for the alloys to obtain varying microstructures with nominally similar hardness (~400 Brinell hardness for Base and Base-Mo, ~450 Brinell hardness for Base+C). Q&P heat treatments applied to \"full sized\" (285×180×18 mm) plates included a full austenitization step followed by an interrupted water quench, where each plate was removed from the quench at an elevated target quench temperature (TQT) and either allowed to air-cool to room temperature (1-Step Q&P) or subjected to a partitioning heat treatment step in another furnace (2-Step Q&P). AQ and Q&T heat treatments were also applied to plates of each alloy for comparison. For each alloy, 1-Step Q&P plates had the highest RA as measured by x-ray diffraction, followed by 2-Step Q&P, AQ, and Q&T plates. Microstructural characterization indicated the presence of varied amounts of tempered and/or partitioned martensite, carbide-free bainite, and untempered martensite in each plate. When results of tensile testing, Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact testing, and Bond abrasion wear testing for each heat treated plate were compared, Q&P heat treated plates performed better than Q&T plates. The higher TQT 1-Step Q&P heat treated plates in particular demonstrated the most favorable combinations of tensile properties, impact-toughness, and wear resistance, even as compared to the much harder AQ heat treated plates. The relative high quantity of RA in 1-Step Q&P plates may indicate that RA is providing a beneficial effect during mechanical deformation and may reduce microcracking during impact-abrasion wear conditions simulated by Bond abrasion testing. 1-Step Q&P processing through the methods employed in this work also represents an industrially feasible process that might be applied to obtain microstructures of martensite/bainite and RA without the use of a more complicated secondary tempering/partitioning heat treatment step. Further work would be beneficial to optimize heat treatment parameters.","abstract_html":"There is interest in exploring the application of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing to produce low-alloy steel plates with increased wear resistance and toughness for use in the mining and earth moving industries. This work investigates the application of Q&P heat treatments to 18 mm thick low-alloy steel plates to obtain microstructures containing martensite and retained austenite (RA) that are wear resistant and tough compared to more traditional as-quenched (AQ) and quench and tempered (Q&T) heat treated plates.Three experimental alloys were used in this work: Base (0.2C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr-0.25Mo), Base-Mo (0.2C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr), and Base+C (0.3C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr-0.25Mo). Using a thermal model and dilatometry, heat treatment paths were designed for the alloys to obtain varying microstructures with nominally similar hardness (~400 Brinell hardness for Base and Base-Mo, ~450 Brinell hardness for Base+C). Q&P heat treatments applied to "full sized" (285×180×18 mm) plates included a full austenitization step followed by an interrupted water quench, where each plate was removed from the quench at an elevated target quench temperature (TQT) and either allowed to air-cool to room temperature (1-Step Q&P) or subjected to a partitioning heat treatment step in another furnace (2-Step Q&P). AQ and Q&T heat treatments were also applied to plates of each alloy for comparison. For each alloy, 1-Step Q&P plates had the highest RA as measured by x-ray diffraction, followed by 2-Step Q&P, AQ, and Q&T plates. Microstructural characterization indicated the presence of varied amounts of tempered and/or partitioned martensite, carbide-free bainite, and untempered martensite in each plate. When results of tensile testing, Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact testing, and Bond abrasion wear testing for each heat treated plate were compared, Q&P heat treated plates performed better than Q&T plates. The higher TQT 1-Step Q&P heat treated plates in particular demonstrated the most favorable combinations of tensile properties, impact-toughness, and wear resistance, even as compared to the much harder AQ heat treated plates. The relative high quantity of RA in 1-Step Q&P plates may indicate that RA is providing a beneficial effect during mechanical deformation and may reduce microcracking during impact-abrasion wear conditions simulated by Bond abrasion testing. 1-Step Q&P processing through the methods employed in this work also represents an industrially feasible process that might be applied to obtain microstructures of martensite/bainite and RA without the use of a more complicated secondary tempering/partitioning heat treatment step. Further work would be beneficial to optimize heat treatment parameters.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Marsh, Travis C."],"institution":"Colorado School of Mines. Arthur Lakes Library","degree_name":"Master of Science (M.S.)","degree_level":"Masters","degree_discipline":"Metallurgical and Materials Engineering","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Speer, J. G."],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":["De Moor, Emmanuel","Findley, Kip Owen"],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021","date_published":"2021","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:42:22Z","subjects":["impact-abrasion wear","low-alloy steel plate","Charpy toughness"],"languages":["eng","English"],"rights":["Copyright of the original work is retained by the author."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["T 9199"],"render_values":[{"text":"T 9199","href":null,"code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11124/176486","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Speer, J. 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This work investigates the application of Q&P heat treatments to 18 mm thick low-alloy steel plates to obtain microstructures containing martensite and retained austenite (RA) that are wear resistant and tough compared to more traditional as-quenched (AQ) and quench and tempered (Q&T) heat treated plates.Three experimental alloys were used in this work: Base (0.2C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr-0.25Mo), Base-Mo (0.2C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr), and Base+C (0.3C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr-0.25Mo). Using a thermal model and dilatometry, heat treatment paths were designed for the alloys to obtain varying microstructures with nominally similar hardness (~400 Brinell hardness for Base and Base-Mo, ~450 Brinell hardness for Base+C). Q&P heat treatments applied to \"full sized\" (285×180×18 mm) plates included a full austenitization step followed by an interrupted water quench, where each plate was removed from the quench at an elevated target quench temperature (TQT) and either allowed to air-cool to room temperature (1-Step Q&P) or subjected to a partitioning heat treatment step in another furnace (2-Step Q&P). AQ and Q&T heat treatments were also applied to plates of each alloy for comparison. For each alloy, 1-Step Q&P plates had the highest RA as measured by x-ray diffraction, followed by 2-Step Q&P, AQ, and Q&T plates. Microstructural characterization indicated the presence of varied amounts of tempered and/or partitioned martensite, carbide-free bainite, and untempered martensite in each plate. When results of tensile testing, Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact testing, and Bond abrasion wear testing for each heat treated plate were compared, Q&P heat treated plates performed better than Q&T plates. The higher TQT 1-Step Q&P heat treated plates in particular demonstrated the most favorable combinations of tensile properties, impact-toughness, and wear resistance, even as compared to the much harder AQ heat treated plates. The relative high quantity of RA in 1-Step Q&P plates may indicate that RA is providing a beneficial effect during mechanical deformation and may reduce microcracking during impact-abrasion wear conditions simulated by Bond abrasion testing. 1-Step Q&P processing through the methods employed in this work also represents an industrially feasible process that might be applied to obtain microstructures of martensite/bainite and RA without the use of a more complicated secondary tempering/partitioning heat treatment step. Further work would be beneficial to optimize heat treatment parameters."]},{"key":"dc:format.medium","label":"Dc Format Medium","values":["born digital","masters theses"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Quenching and partitioning plate steel for wear and toughness applications"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Speer, J. G."],"dc:contributor.committeemember":["De Moor, Emmanuel","Findley, Kip Owen"],"dc:creator":["Marsh, Travis C."],"dc:date.accessioned":["2021-09-13T10:17:38Z","2022-02-03T13:24:04Z"],"dc:date.available":["2022-03-10T10:17:38Z","2022-02-03T13:24:04Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2021"],"dc:description":["Includes bibliographical references.","2021 Summer."],"dc:description.abstract":["There is interest in exploring the application of quenching and partitioning (Q&P) processing to produce low-alloy steel plates with increased wear resistance and toughness for use in the mining and earth moving industries. This work investigates the application of Q&P heat treatments to 18 mm thick low-alloy steel plates to obtain microstructures containing martensite and retained austenite (RA) that are wear resistant and tough compared to more traditional as-quenched (AQ) and quench and tempered (Q&T) heat treated plates.Three experimental alloys were used in this work: Base (0.2C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr-0.25Mo), Base-Mo (0.2C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr), and Base+C (0.3C-1.5Mn-1.5Si-0.4Cr-0.25Mo). Using a thermal model and dilatometry, heat treatment paths were designed for the alloys to obtain varying microstructures with nominally similar hardness (~400 Brinell hardness for Base and Base-Mo, ~450 Brinell hardness for Base+C). Q&P heat treatments applied to \"full sized\" (285×180×18 mm) plates included a full austenitization step followed by an interrupted water quench, where each plate was removed from the quench at an elevated target quench temperature (TQT) and either allowed to air-cool to room temperature (1-Step Q&P) or subjected to a partitioning heat treatment step in another furnace (2-Step Q&P). AQ and Q&T heat treatments were also applied to plates of each alloy for comparison. For each alloy, 1-Step Q&P plates had the highest RA as measured by x-ray diffraction, followed by 2-Step Q&P, AQ, and Q&T plates. Microstructural characterization indicated the presence of varied amounts of tempered and/or partitioned martensite, carbide-free bainite, and untempered martensite in each plate. When results of tensile testing, Charpy V-notch (CVN) impact testing, and Bond abrasion wear testing for each heat treated plate were compared, Q&P heat treated plates performed better than Q&T plates. The higher TQT 1-Step Q&P heat treated plates in particular demonstrated the most favorable combinations of tensile properties, impact-toughness, and wear resistance, even as compared to the much harder AQ heat treated plates. The relative high quantity of RA in 1-Step Q&P plates may indicate that RA is providing a beneficial effect during mechanical deformation and may reduce microcracking during impact-abrasion wear conditions simulated by Bond abrasion testing. 1-Step Q&P processing through the methods employed in this work also represents an industrially feasible process that might be applied to obtain microstructures of martensite/bainite and RA without the use of a more complicated secondary tempering/partitioning heat treatment step. Further work would be beneficial to optimize heat treatment parameters."],"dc:format.medium":["born digital","masters theses"],"dc:identifier":["Marsh_mines_0052N_12241.pdf","T 9199"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/11124/176486"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:language.iso":["eng"],"dc:publisher":["Colorado School of Mines. Arthur Lakes Library"],"dc:rights":["Copyright of the original work is retained by the author."],"dc:subject":["impact-abrasion wear","low-alloy steel plate","Charpy toughness"],"dc:title":["Quenching and partitioning plate steel for wear and toughness applications"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Metallurgical and Materials Engineering"],"thesis:degree_level":["Masters"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (M.S.)"],"thesis:institution_name":["Colorado School of Mines"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:42:22Z"}