From grain to floodplain: evaluating heterogeneity of floodplain hydrostratigraphy using sedimentology, geophysics, and remote sensing

Floodplain stratigraphy, a major structural element of alluvial aquifers, is a fundamental component of floodplain heterogeneity, hydraulic conductivity, and connectivity. Watershed-scale hydrological models often simplify floodplains by modeling them as largely homogeneous, which inherently overlooks natural floodplain heterogeneity and anisotropy and their effects on hydrologic processes such as groundwater flow and transport and hyporheic exchange. This study, conducted in the East River Basin, Colorado, USA, combines point-, meander-, and floodplain-scale data to explore the importance of detailed field studies and physical representation of alluvial aquifers. We combine sediment core descriptions, hydraulic conductivity estimates from slug tests, ground-penetrating radar (GPR), historical maps of former channels, LiDAR-based elevation and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index data to infer 3-D fluvial stratigraphy. We compare and contrast stratigraphy of two meanders with disparate geometries to explore floodplain heterogeneity and connectivity controls on flow and transport. We identify buried point bars, former channels, and overbank deposits using GPR, corroborated by point sediment descriptions collected during piezometer installment and remotely sensed products. We map heterogeneous structural features that should control resultant flow and transport; orientation and connectivity of these features would control residence times important in hydrologic models.

Name thesis:degree_name

Master of Science (M.S.)

Level thesis:degree_level

Masters

Discipline thesis:degree_discipline

Geology and Geological Engineering

Grantor dc:publisher

Colorado School of Mines. Arthur Lakes Library

Year dc:date.issued

2018

Author dc:creator

• Malenda, Helen Fitzgerald

Advisor dc:contributor.advisor

• Singha, Kamini

Committee members dc:contributor.committeemember

• Rowland, Joel
• Navarre-Sitchler, Alexis K.

• hydrofacies mapping
• fluvial sedimentology
• remote sensing

Statement dc:rights

• Copyright of the original work is retained by the author.

Language dc:language.iso

eng, English

Identifier

T 8439

OAI identifier oai:identifier

oai:repository.mines.edu:11124/172150