In California, many law enforcement agencies have partnered with local mental health services to manage situations that involve people with mental illness in crisis; much of the research on these programs has focused on the effectiveness and financial savings of implementing these programs (i.e. reductions in adjudications and hospitalizations). This study examined whether these programs are effectively managed mental health crises across California. This study implemented a sequential mixed methods design that used qualitative data to explain quantitative results to determine effectiveness. Quantitatively, effectiveness was defined as a reduction in injury (both in severity and frequency of injury), arrests, and use of firearms. Qualitatively, effectiveness was determined by the individual who was interviewed, which helped to provide context to the quantitative results. Additionally, qualitative findings will help to elucidate disparities seen in the quantitative results. Quantitative analysis involved the use of staggered difference in difference analysis of Use of Force data over a six year period (2016-2021). There was no treatment effect found; none of the estimators were found to be significant; but an overall increase of incident of violence was found. Qualitative analysis found that these partnerships are not effective and the following trends were identified: there are long waits for the teams to arrive; law enforcement require more training and better protocols need to be established. A discussion of alternatives approaches to law enforcement intervention follows as well how few teams are present in each County.
","abstract_html":"<p>In California, many law enforcement agencies have partnered with local mental health services to manage situations that involve people with mental illness in crisis; much of the research on these programs has focused on the effectiveness and financial savings of implementing these programs (i.e. reductions in adjudications and hospitalizations). This study examined whether these programs are effectively managed mental health crises across California. This study implemented a sequential mixed methods design that used qualitative data to explain quantitative results to determine effectiveness. Quantitatively, effectiveness was defined as a reduction in injury (both in severity and frequency of injury), arrests, and use of firearms. Qualitatively, effectiveness was determined by the individual who was interviewed, which helped to provide context to the quantitative results. Additionally, qualitative findings will help to elucidate disparities seen in the quantitative results. Quantitative analysis involved the use of staggered difference in difference analysis of Use of Force data over a six year period (2016-2021). There was no treatment effect found; none of the estimators were found to be significant; but an overall increase of incident of violence was found. Qualitative analysis found that these partnerships are not effective and the following trends were identified: there are long waits for the teams to arrive; law enforcement require more training and better protocols need to be established. A discussion of alternatives approaches to law enforcement intervention follows as well how few teams are present in each County. </p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Rood, Domonique Hualani"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Public Health, DPH","degree_level":"Open Access Dissertation","degree_discipline":"School of Community and Global Health","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Jay Orr","CarlyWill Sloan","Dhruv Khurana"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2023,"date_issued":"2023-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2023-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:40:22Z","subjects":["California Crisis Act","Community Mental Health Intervention","Law Enforcement","Mental Health","Mental Health Crisis","Use of Force","Law Enforcement and Corrections","Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/601","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Jay Orr","CarlyWill Sloan","Dhruv Khurana"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Rood, Domonique Hualani"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2023-11-08T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["School of Community and Global Health"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Open Access Dissertation"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Public Health, DPH"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["California Crisis Act","Community Mental Health Intervention","Law Enforcement","Mental Health","Mental Health Crisis","Use of Force","Law Enforcement and Corrections","Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/601"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In California, many law enforcement agencies have partnered with local mental health services to manage situations that involve people with mental illness in crisis; much of the research on these programs has focused on the effectiveness and financial savings of implementing these programs (i.e. reductions in adjudications and hospitalizations). This study examined whether these programs are effectively managed mental health crises across California. This study implemented a sequential mixed methods design that used qualitative data to explain quantitative results to determine effectiveness. Quantitatively, effectiveness was defined as a reduction in injury (both in severity and frequency of injury), arrests, and use of firearms. Qualitatively, effectiveness was determined by the individual who was interviewed, which helped to provide context to the quantitative results. Additionally, qualitative findings will help to elucidate disparities seen in the quantitative results. Quantitative analysis involved the use of staggered difference in difference analysis of Use of Force data over a six year period (2016-2021). There was no treatment effect found; none of the estimators were found to be significant; but an overall increase of incident of violence was found. Qualitative analysis found that these partnerships are not effective and the following trends were identified: there are long waits for the teams to arrive; law enforcement require more training and better protocols need to be established. A discussion of alternatives approaches to law enforcement intervention follows as well how few teams are present in each County.
"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Examining the Effectiveness of Mental Health and Law Enforcement Partnerships in California"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Jay Orr","CarlyWill Sloan","Dhruv Khurana"],"dc:creator":["Rood, Domonique Hualani"],"dc:date.available":["2023-11-08T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["In California, many law enforcement agencies have partnered with local mental health services to manage situations that involve people with mental illness in crisis; much of the research on these programs has focused on the effectiveness and financial savings of implementing these programs (i.e. reductions in adjudications and hospitalizations). This study examined whether these programs are effectively managed mental health crises across California. This study implemented a sequential mixed methods design that used qualitative data to explain quantitative results to determine effectiveness. Quantitatively, effectiveness was defined as a reduction in injury (both in severity and frequency of injury), arrests, and use of firearms. Qualitatively, effectiveness was determined by the individual who was interviewed, which helped to provide context to the quantitative results. Additionally, qualitative findings will help to elucidate disparities seen in the quantitative results. Quantitative analysis involved the use of staggered difference in difference analysis of Use of Force data over a six year period (2016-2021). There was no treatment effect found; none of the estimators were found to be significant; but an overall increase of incident of violence was found. Qualitative analysis found that these partnerships are not effective and the following trends were identified: there are long waits for the teams to arrive; law enforcement require more training and better protocols need to be established. A discussion of alternatives approaches to law enforcement intervention follows as well how few teams are present in each County.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cgu_etd/601"],"dc:subject":["California Crisis Act","Community Mental Health Intervention","Law Enforcement","Mental Health","Mental Health Crisis","Use of Force","Law Enforcement and Corrections","Public Affairs, Public Policy and Public Administration"],"dc:title":["Examining the Effectiveness of Mental Health and Law Enforcement Partnerships in California"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["School of Community and Global Health"],"thesis:degree_level":["Open Access Dissertation"],"thesis:degree_name":["Public Health, DPH"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:40:22Z"}