Tensions between Algeria and Morocco began after Algeria gained independence from France in 1962, culminating in the Sand War of 1963. Since then, various mediation efforts and economic reconciliation attempts have been initiated, but have consistently been hindered by differing stances—particularly regarding the Western Sahara conflict. I argue that economic interests, especially those in illicit trade, are impactful factors that have negatively affected the bilateral cooperation between Algeria and Morocco. To explain the factors facilitating bilateral relations, this project explores four variables: mediation attempts, regional development schemes, trade, and illicit economy. Qualitative data is used to provide historical-contextual and thematic analysis to assess the likelihood of economic rapprochement between the two countries spanning from 1954 to 2023. The empirical findings suggest that illicit trade has influenced the bilateral relationship between the two countries, which has negatively impacted each country’s economy. The other variables provide a favorable background on past cooperation attempts done from the 1960s to the 1980s, but are not as significant as illicit trade in the present. The project fills a gap in literature on bilateral cooperation between the countries by considering the important role of illicit trade in cooperation attempts. It provides policy implications to regional integration to improve the historical tensions between Algeria and Morocco by highlighting a potential cooperation opportunity in regards to security over illicit trade. Furthermore, these findings suggest that a legally recognized trade solution for those on the borders would allow for both countries to strengthen their economies rather than lose billions of dollars to illicit trade.
","abstract_html":"<p>Tensions between Algeria and Morocco began after Algeria gained independence from France in 1962, culminating in the Sand War of 1963. Since then, various mediation efforts and economic reconciliation attempts have been initiated, but have consistently been hindered by differing stances—particularly regarding the Western Sahara conflict. I argue that economic interests, especially those in illicit trade, are impactful factors that have negatively affected the bilateral cooperation between Algeria and Morocco. To explain the factors facilitating bilateral relations, this project explores four variables: mediation attempts, regional development schemes, trade, and illicit economy. Qualitative data is used to provide historical-contextual and thematic analysis to assess the likelihood of economic rapprochement between the two countries spanning from 1954 to 2023. The empirical findings suggest that illicit trade has influenced the bilateral relationship between the two countries, which has negatively impacted each country’s economy. The other variables provide a favorable background on past cooperation attempts done from the 1960s to the 1980s, but are not as significant as illicit trade in the present. The project fills a gap in literature on bilateral cooperation between the countries by considering the important role of illicit trade in cooperation attempts. It provides policy implications to regional integration to improve the historical tensions between Algeria and Morocco by highlighting a potential cooperation opportunity in regards to security over illicit trade. Furthermore, these findings suggest that a legally recognized trade solution for those on the borders would allow for both countries to strengthen their economies rather than lose billions of dollars to illicit trade.<strong></strong></p>","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Laib, Sabrina"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Arts (MA)","degree_level":"Thesis","degree_discipline":"International Studies","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Dr. Crystal Murphy","Dr. Andrea Molle","Dr. Minju Kwon"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025-05-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"2025-05-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:38:43Z","subjects":["Algeria","Morocco","North Africa","Diplomatic Relations","Bilateral Relations","African History","Arabic Studies","Diplomatic History"],"languages":[],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/international_studies_theses/30","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Dr. Crystal Murphy","Dr. Andrea Molle","Dr. Minju Kwon"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Laib, Sabrina"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-05-25T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["International Studies"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Arts (MA)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Algeria","Morocco","North Africa","Diplomatic Relations","Bilateral Relations","African History","Arabic Studies","Diplomatic History"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/international_studies_theses/30"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Tensions between Algeria and Morocco began after Algeria gained independence from France in 1962, culminating in the Sand War of 1963. Since then, various mediation efforts and economic reconciliation attempts have been initiated, but have consistently been hindered by differing stances—particularly regarding the Western Sahara conflict. I argue that economic interests, especially those in illicit trade, are impactful factors that have negatively affected the bilateral cooperation between Algeria and Morocco. To explain the factors facilitating bilateral relations, this project explores four variables: mediation attempts, regional development schemes, trade, and illicit economy. Qualitative data is used to provide historical-contextual and thematic analysis to assess the likelihood of economic rapprochement between the two countries spanning from 1954 to 2023. The empirical findings suggest that illicit trade has influenced the bilateral relationship between the two countries, which has negatively impacted each country’s economy. The other variables provide a favorable background on past cooperation attempts done from the 1960s to the 1980s, but are not as significant as illicit trade in the present. The project fills a gap in literature on bilateral cooperation between the countries by considering the important role of illicit trade in cooperation attempts. It provides policy implications to regional integration to improve the historical tensions between Algeria and Morocco by highlighting a potential cooperation opportunity in regards to security over illicit trade. Furthermore, these findings suggest that a legally recognized trade solution for those on the borders would allow for both countries to strengthen their economies rather than lose billions of dollars to illicit trade.
"]},{"key":"dc:source","label":"Dc Source","values":["Laib, Sabrina. \"What Role do Economic Interests Play in Improving Bilateral Relations Between Algeria and Morocco?.\" Master's thesis, Chapman University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36837/chapman.000671"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["What Role do Economic Interests Play in Improving Bilateral Relations Between Algeria and Morocco?"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Dr. Crystal Murphy","Dr. Andrea Molle","Dr. Minju Kwon"],"dc:creator":["Laib, Sabrina"],"dc:date.available":["2025-05-25T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Tensions between Algeria and Morocco began after Algeria gained independence from France in 1962, culminating in the Sand War of 1963. Since then, various mediation efforts and economic reconciliation attempts have been initiated, but have consistently been hindered by differing stances—particularly regarding the Western Sahara conflict. I argue that economic interests, especially those in illicit trade, are impactful factors that have negatively affected the bilateral cooperation between Algeria and Morocco. To explain the factors facilitating bilateral relations, this project explores four variables: mediation attempts, regional development schemes, trade, and illicit economy. Qualitative data is used to provide historical-contextual and thematic analysis to assess the likelihood of economic rapprochement between the two countries spanning from 1954 to 2023. The empirical findings suggest that illicit trade has influenced the bilateral relationship between the two countries, which has negatively impacted each country’s economy. The other variables provide a favorable background on past cooperation attempts done from the 1960s to the 1980s, but are not as significant as illicit trade in the present. The project fills a gap in literature on bilateral cooperation between the countries by considering the important role of illicit trade in cooperation attempts. It provides policy implications to regional integration to improve the historical tensions between Algeria and Morocco by highlighting a potential cooperation opportunity in regards to security over illicit trade. Furthermore, these findings suggest that a legally recognized trade solution for those on the borders would allow for both countries to strengthen their economies rather than lose billions of dollars to illicit trade.
"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.chapman.edu/international_studies_theses/30"],"dc:source":["Laib, Sabrina. \"What Role do Economic Interests Play in Improving Bilateral Relations Between Algeria and Morocco?.\" Master's thesis, Chapman University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.36837/chapman.000671"],"dc:subject":["Algeria","Morocco","North Africa","Diplomatic Relations","Bilateral Relations","African History","Arabic Studies","Diplomatic History"],"dc:title":["What Role do Economic Interests Play in Improving Bilateral Relations Between Algeria and Morocco?"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["International Studies"],"thesis:degree_level":["Thesis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Arts (MA)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:38:43Z"}