{"id":{"repo_id":"central-wash","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-2117"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/central-wash/oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-2117","repository":{"repo_id":"central-wash","name":"Central Washington University","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"The Effects of Reversing SAFMEDS Presentation on Learning and Generalization","abstract":"Say All Fast Minute Each Day (SAFMEDS) is a flashcard procedure that is effective in producing fluency, but not necessarily generalization, of a content area. One possibility for the lack of generalization is the direction of the SAFMEDS training. Most learners are presented with a definition (the longer side) and have to say the term (the shorter side). Elements of single-case and between-groups designs were used to examine the effects of reversing the direction of training on acquisition and fluency of SAFMEDS content, as well as generalization. Within this study, the control group was presented with a book or paper title (the longer side) and had to learn the last name of the corresponding author (shorter side). The experimental group was presented with the author side and had to learn the book or paper title. A posttest was conducted to examine which direction of the SAFMEDS training resulted in greater generalization of the content. The basic findings of this study suggest that learning SAFMEDS in the reverse learning channel, “see-author, say-title” may result in an increase in correct responding and generalization compared to the “see-title, say-author” learning channel. The results of this study suggest that individuals who learn SAFMEDS in the “see-definition, say-term” format may have a harder time generalizing the content they learned to future applications. <em>Keywords:</em> SAFMEDS, generalization, fluency","abstract_html":"Say All Fast Minute Each Day (SAFMEDS) is a flashcard procedure that is effective in producing fluency, but not necessarily generalization, of a content area. One possibility for the lack of generalization is the direction of the SAFMEDS training. Most learners are presented with a definition (the longer side) and have to say the term (the shorter side). Elements of single-case and between-groups designs were used to examine the effects of reversing the direction of training on acquisition and fluency of SAFMEDS content, as well as generalization. Within this study, the control group was presented with a book or paper title (the longer side) and had to learn the last name of the corresponding author (shorter side). The experimental group was presented with the author side and had to learn the book or paper title. A posttest was conducted to examine which direction of the SAFMEDS training resulted in greater generalization of the content. The basic findings of this study suggest that learning SAFMEDS in the reverse learning channel, “see-author, say-title” may result in an increase in correct responding and generalization compared to the “see-title, say-author” learning channel. The results of this study suggest that individuals who learn SAFMEDS in the “see-definition, say-term” format may have a harder time generalizing the content they learned to future applications. &lt;em&gt;Keywords:&lt;/em&gt; SAFMEDS, generalization, fluency","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Nordlund, Emily"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Applied Behavior Analysis","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Richard Marsicano","Marte Fallshore","Danielle Polage"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2019,"date_issued":"2019-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2019-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:29Z","subjects":["SAFMEDS","Precision Teaching","Generalization","Fluency","Applied Behavior Analysis","Psychology","Social and Behavioral Sciences"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/1093","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Richard Marsicano","Marte Fallshore","Danielle Polage"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Nordlund, Emily"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2019-03-08T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Applied Behavior Analysis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["SAFMEDS","Precision Teaching","Generalization","Fluency","Applied Behavior Analysis","Psychology","Social and Behavioral Sciences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/1093"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Say All Fast Minute Each Day (SAFMEDS) is a flashcard procedure that is effective in producing fluency, but not necessarily generalization, of a content area. One possibility for the lack of generalization is the direction of the SAFMEDS training. Most learners are presented with a definition (the longer side) and have to say the term (the shorter side). Elements of single-case and between-groups designs were used to examine the effects of reversing the direction of training on acquisition and fluency of SAFMEDS content, as well as generalization. Within this study, the control group was presented with a book or paper title (the longer side) and had to learn the last name of the corresponding author (shorter side). The experimental group was presented with the author side and had to learn the book or paper title. A posttest was conducted to examine which direction of the SAFMEDS training resulted in greater generalization of the content. The basic findings of this study suggest that learning SAFMEDS in the reverse learning channel, “see-author, say-title” may result in an increase in correct responding and generalization compared to the “see-title, say-author” learning channel. The results of this study suggest that individuals who learn SAFMEDS in the “see-definition, say-term” format may have a harder time generalizing the content they learned to future applications. <em>Keywords:</em> SAFMEDS, generalization, fluency"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["The Effects of Reversing SAFMEDS Presentation on Learning and Generalization"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Richard Marsicano","Marte Fallshore","Danielle Polage"],"dc:creator":["Nordlund, Emily"],"dc:date.available":["2019-03-08T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Say All Fast Minute Each Day (SAFMEDS) is a flashcard procedure that is effective in producing fluency, but not necessarily generalization, of a content area. One possibility for the lack of generalization is the direction of the SAFMEDS training. Most learners are presented with a definition (the longer side) and have to say the term (the shorter side). Elements of single-case and between-groups designs were used to examine the effects of reversing the direction of training on acquisition and fluency of SAFMEDS content, as well as generalization. Within this study, the control group was presented with a book or paper title (the longer side) and had to learn the last name of the corresponding author (shorter side). The experimental group was presented with the author side and had to learn the book or paper title. A posttest was conducted to examine which direction of the SAFMEDS training resulted in greater generalization of the content. The basic findings of this study suggest that learning SAFMEDS in the reverse learning channel, “see-author, say-title” may result in an increase in correct responding and generalization compared to the “see-title, say-author” learning channel. The results of this study suggest that individuals who learn SAFMEDS in the “see-definition, say-term” format may have a harder time generalizing the content they learned to future applications. <em>Keywords:</em> SAFMEDS, generalization, fluency"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/1093"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["SAFMEDS","Precision Teaching","Generalization","Fluency","Applied Behavior Analysis","Psychology","Social and Behavioral Sciences"],"dc:title":["The Effects of Reversing SAFMEDS Presentation on Learning and Generalization"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Applied Behavior Analysis"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:29Z"}