{"id":{"repo_id":"central-wash","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1979"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/central-wash/oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1979","repository":{"repo_id":"central-wash","name":"Central Washington University","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Subtraction - - Whole Numbers When the Minuend Contains Fewer Units Than the Subtrahend","abstract":"The purpose of the study was to answer the question: Which method or methods of teaching subtraction are being used in the elementary school today? An attempt also was made to answer the question: Why?","abstract_html":"The purpose of the study was to answer the question: Which method or methods of teaching subtraction are being used in the elementary school today? An attempt also was made to answer the question: Why?","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Pino, Naida Ruth"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Education (MEd)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Education","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["John A. Schwenker","Alan R. Bergstrom","D. Daryl Basler"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":1968,"date_issued":"1968-08-01T07:00:00Z","date_published":"1968-08-01T07:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:23Z","subjects":["Education","Subtraction","Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary)","Educational Methods","Science and Mathematics Education"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/964","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["John A. Schwenker","Alan R. Bergstrom","D. Daryl Basler"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Pino, Naida Ruth"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Education"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Education (MEd)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Education","Subtraction","Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary)","Educational Methods","Science and Mathematics Education"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/964"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of the study was to answer the question: Which method or methods of teaching subtraction are being used in the elementary school today? An attempt also was made to answer the question: Why?"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Subtraction - - Whole Numbers When the Minuend Contains Fewer Units Than the Subtrahend"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["John A. Schwenker","Alan R. Bergstrom","D. Daryl Basler"],"dc:creator":["Pino, Naida Ruth"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of the study was to answer the question: Which method or methods of teaching subtraction are being used in the elementary school today? An attempt also was made to answer the question: Why?"],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/964"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["Education","Subtraction","Mathematics -- Study and teaching (Elementary)","Educational Methods","Science and Mathematics Education"],"dc:title":["Subtraction - - Whole Numbers When the Minuend Contains Fewer Units Than the Subtrahend"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Education"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Education (MEd)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:23Z"}