{"id":{"repo_id":"central-wash","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1717"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/central-wash/oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1717","repository":{"repo_id":"central-wash","name":"Central Washington University","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"A Cultural Comparison of the Facial Inference Process","abstract":"The purpose of this study was to compare emotion and personality trait attributions to facial expressions between American and Asian Indian samples. Data were collected using Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants in this study were asked to infer the emotions and personality traits shown in three facial expressions (scowling, frowning, and smiling) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was randomly presented for 10 seconds followed by four randomized questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consisted of condensed sets of the Big Five personality adjective markers (Minimarkers) (Saucier, 1994), the three Self-Assessment Manikin dimensions (SAM) (Bradley & Lang, 1994), and items related to attractiveness, perceived motivation, and morality inferences. In this study, the “Halo” and “Horns” effects were hypothesized to occur for both cultures, with some cultural differences. Smiling facial expressions (male and female) were hypothesized and found to have higher emotion judgment accuracy (happiness) and more inferred positive personality traits for both cultures (attractive, not threatening, agreeable, extroverted, pleasing to look at, positive, conscientious, and open-minded). Scowling facial expressions were hypothesized to have the following attributions: anger, unattractive, threatening, excitable, close-minded, not pleasing to look at, bad, negative, dominant, disagreeable, and unconscientious. Frowning facial expressions were hypothesized to be perceived as: sad, unattractive, good, submissive, not threatening, not pleasing to look at, positive, and calm. The results for the smiling and frowning facial expressions showed high mean answer choice accuracy for both cultures regardless of gender in the photograph. Greater accuracy in emotion and trait attributions was hypothesized for U.S. participants because collectivist cultures (India) have trouble expressing and identifying negative emotions since they disturb the harmony of the social group (Matsumoto, 1989, 1992a; Schimmack, 1996). However, results showed that both cultures attributed the correct emotional inference and personality trait attributions to the six facial expressions for all four questions, except for the Indians on the scowling female facial expression across each of the four questions.","abstract_html":"The purpose of this study was to compare emotion and personality trait attributions to facial expressions between American and Asian Indian samples. Data were collected using Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants in this study were asked to infer the emotions and personality traits shown in three facial expressions (scowling, frowning, and smiling) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was randomly presented for 10 seconds followed by four randomized questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consisted of condensed sets of the Big Five personality adjective markers (Minimarkers) (Saucier, 1994), the three Self-Assessment Manikin dimensions (SAM) (Bradley & Lang, 1994), and items related to attractiveness, perceived motivation, and morality inferences. In this study, the “Halo” and “Horns” effects were hypothesized to occur for both cultures, with some cultural differences. Smiling facial expressions (male and female) were hypothesized and found to have higher emotion judgment accuracy (happiness) and more inferred positive personality traits for both cultures (attractive, not threatening, agreeable, extroverted, pleasing to look at, positive, conscientious, and open-minded). Scowling facial expressions were hypothesized to have the following attributions: anger, unattractive, threatening, excitable, close-minded, not pleasing to look at, bad, negative, dominant, disagreeable, and unconscientious. Frowning facial expressions were hypothesized to be perceived as: sad, unattractive, good, submissive, not threatening, not pleasing to look at, positive, and calm. The results for the smiling and frowning facial expressions showed high mean answer choice accuracy for both cultures regardless of gender in the photograph. Greater accuracy in emotion and trait attributions was hypothesized for U.S. participants because collectivist cultures (India) have trouble expressing and identifying negative emotions since they disturb the harmony of the social group (Matsumoto, 1989, 1992a; Schimmack, 1996). However, results showed that both cultures attributed the correct emotional inference and personality trait attributions to the six facial expressions for all four questions, except for the Indians on the scowling female facial expression across each of the four questions.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Swiney, Janine"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Anthony Stahelski","Mary Radeke","Stephen Schepman"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:04Z","subjects":["Facial Inference","Cross-Cultural","India","Personality","Emotion Interpretation","Thin-Slicing","Asian Studies","Experimental Analysis of Behavior","Multicultural Psychology","Personality and Social Contexts","Psychology","Social and Behavioral Sciences","Social Psychology"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/707","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Anthony Stahelski","Mary Radeke","Stephen Schepman"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Swiney, Janine"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-08-09T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Facial Inference","Cross-Cultural","India","Personality","Emotion Interpretation","Thin-Slicing","Asian Studies","Experimental Analysis of Behavior","Multicultural Psychology","Personality and Social Contexts","Psychology","Social and Behavioral Sciences","Social Psychology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/707"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The purpose of this study was to compare emotion and personality trait attributions to facial expressions between American and Asian Indian samples. Data were collected using Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants in this study were asked to infer the emotions and personality traits shown in three facial expressions (scowling, frowning, and smiling) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was randomly presented for 10 seconds followed by four randomized questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consisted of condensed sets of the Big Five personality adjective markers (Minimarkers) (Saucier, 1994), the three Self-Assessment Manikin dimensions (SAM) (Bradley & Lang, 1994), and items related to attractiveness, perceived motivation, and morality inferences. In this study, the “Halo” and “Horns” effects were hypothesized to occur for both cultures, with some cultural differences. Smiling facial expressions (male and female) were hypothesized and found to have higher emotion judgment accuracy (happiness) and more inferred positive personality traits for both cultures (attractive, not threatening, agreeable, extroverted, pleasing to look at, positive, conscientious, and open-minded). Scowling facial expressions were hypothesized to have the following attributions: anger, unattractive, threatening, excitable, close-minded, not pleasing to look at, bad, negative, dominant, disagreeable, and unconscientious. Frowning facial expressions were hypothesized to be perceived as: sad, unattractive, good, submissive, not threatening, not pleasing to look at, positive, and calm. The results for the smiling and frowning facial expressions showed high mean answer choice accuracy for both cultures regardless of gender in the photograph. Greater accuracy in emotion and trait attributions was hypothesized for U.S. participants because collectivist cultures (India) have trouble expressing and identifying negative emotions since they disturb the harmony of the social group (Matsumoto, 1989, 1992a; Schimmack, 1996). However, results showed that both cultures attributed the correct emotional inference and personality trait attributions to the six facial expressions for all four questions, except for the Indians on the scowling female facial expression across each of the four questions."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A Cultural Comparison of the Facial Inference Process"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Anthony Stahelski","Mary Radeke","Stephen Schepman"],"dc:creator":["Swiney, Janine"],"dc:date.available":["2017-08-09T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["The purpose of this study was to compare emotion and personality trait attributions to facial expressions between American and Asian Indian samples. Data were collected using Amazon.com’s Mechanical Turk (MTurk). Participants in this study were asked to infer the emotions and personality traits shown in three facial expressions (scowling, frowning, and smiling) of young white females and males in six photographs. Each picture was randomly presented for 10 seconds followed by four randomized questions about the individual in the picture. The first question asked participants to identify the emotion shown from a list of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, surprise). The next three questions consisted of condensed sets of the Big Five personality adjective markers (Minimarkers) (Saucier, 1994), the three Self-Assessment Manikin dimensions (SAM) (Bradley & Lang, 1994), and items related to attractiveness, perceived motivation, and morality inferences. In this study, the “Halo” and “Horns” effects were hypothesized to occur for both cultures, with some cultural differences. Smiling facial expressions (male and female) were hypothesized and found to have higher emotion judgment accuracy (happiness) and more inferred positive personality traits for both cultures (attractive, not threatening, agreeable, extroverted, pleasing to look at, positive, conscientious, and open-minded). Scowling facial expressions were hypothesized to have the following attributions: anger, unattractive, threatening, excitable, close-minded, not pleasing to look at, bad, negative, dominant, disagreeable, and unconscientious. Frowning facial expressions were hypothesized to be perceived as: sad, unattractive, good, submissive, not threatening, not pleasing to look at, positive, and calm. The results for the smiling and frowning facial expressions showed high mean answer choice accuracy for both cultures regardless of gender in the photograph. Greater accuracy in emotion and trait attributions was hypothesized for U.S. participants because collectivist cultures (India) have trouble expressing and identifying negative emotions since they disturb the harmony of the social group (Matsumoto, 1989, 1992a; Schimmack, 1996). However, results showed that both cultures attributed the correct emotional inference and personality trait attributions to the six facial expressions for all four questions, except for the Indians on the scowling female facial expression across each of the four questions."],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/707"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["Facial Inference","Cross-Cultural","India","Personality","Emotion Interpretation","Thin-Slicing","Asian Studies","Experimental Analysis of Behavior","Multicultural Psychology","Personality and Social Contexts","Psychology","Social and Behavioral Sciences","Social Psychology"],"dc:title":["A Cultural Comparison of the Facial Inference Process"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Psychology"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:04Z"}