{"id":{"repo_id":"central-wash","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1685"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/central-wash/oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1685","repository":{"repo_id":"central-wash","name":"Central Washington University","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Iron Reduction in Soot","abstract":"Ferrous iron (Fe(II)) has been implicated as one contributor in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from ambient particles emitted during the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels. Although ROS are known to induce unhealthy oxidative stress in cellular systems, the mechanisms of Fe(II) formation and stabilization in aerosol particles are still not well understood. Here, we investigate the role of soot on Iron reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II), under various conditions including those encountered in the tailpipe of a vehicle. Aqueous leaching experiments of soot-hematite mixtures were carried out while analyzing for Fe(II) spectrophotometrically, and changes in Fe(II) concentrations were then investigated in the context of soot characteristics, including surface area, surface functional groups, and soot structure. Results show that some soot-iron mixtures have a synergistic effect on the reduction of Fe(III), representing between 0.001% to 0.30% Fe(II) of total Fe within the first 120 min of the experiment and up to 0.82 % Fe(II) after 48 hours or extraction. Extent of reduction depends on type of soot and its pre-treatment. Exposure to light did not significantly change Fe(II) production in soot-hematite mixtures. These results indicate that, during night-time, the production and stabilization of Fe(II) by soot can significantly contribute to total Fe(II) concentrations in ambient aerosol particles.","abstract_html":"Ferrous iron (Fe(II)) has been implicated as one contributor in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from ambient particles emitted during the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels. Although ROS are known to induce unhealthy oxidative stress in cellular systems, the mechanisms of Fe(II) formation and stabilization in aerosol particles are still not well understood. Here, we investigate the role of soot on Iron reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II), under various conditions including those encountered in the tailpipe of a vehicle. Aqueous leaching experiments of soot-hematite mixtures were carried out while analyzing for Fe(II) spectrophotometrically, and changes in Fe(II) concentrations were then investigated in the context of soot characteristics, including surface area, surface functional groups, and soot structure. Results show that some soot-iron mixtures have a synergistic effect on the reduction of Fe(III), representing between 0.001% to 0.30% Fe(II) of total Fe within the first 120 min of the experiment and up to 0.82 % Fe(II) after 48 hours or extraction. Extent of reduction depends on type of soot and its pre-treatment. Exposure to light did not significantly change Fe(II) production in soot-hematite mixtures. These results indicate that, during night-time, the production and stabilization of Fe(II) by soot can significantly contribute to total Fe(II) concentrations in ambient aerosol particles.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Casique, Hector"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Anne Johansen","Dion Rivera","Anthony Diaz"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:04Z","subjects":["Iron","Soot","Fe","Tailpipe","Carbon","Atmospheric Sciences","Climate","Environmental Sciences"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/674","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Anne Johansen","Dion Rivera","Anthony Diaz"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Casique, Hector"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-07-06T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["Iron","Soot","Fe","Tailpipe","Carbon","Atmospheric Sciences","Climate","Environmental Sciences"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/674"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Ferrous iron (Fe(II)) has been implicated as one contributor in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from ambient particles emitted during the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels. Although ROS are known to induce unhealthy oxidative stress in cellular systems, the mechanisms of Fe(II) formation and stabilization in aerosol particles are still not well understood. Here, we investigate the role of soot on Iron reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II), under various conditions including those encountered in the tailpipe of a vehicle. Aqueous leaching experiments of soot-hematite mixtures were carried out while analyzing for Fe(II) spectrophotometrically, and changes in Fe(II) concentrations were then investigated in the context of soot characteristics, including surface area, surface functional groups, and soot structure. Results show that some soot-iron mixtures have a synergistic effect on the reduction of Fe(III), representing between 0.001% to 0.30% Fe(II) of total Fe within the first 120 min of the experiment and up to 0.82 % Fe(II) after 48 hours or extraction. Extent of reduction depends on type of soot and its pre-treatment. Exposure to light did not significantly change Fe(II) production in soot-hematite mixtures. These results indicate that, during night-time, the production and stabilization of Fe(II) by soot can significantly contribute to total Fe(II) concentrations in ambient aerosol particles."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Iron Reduction in Soot"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Anne Johansen","Dion Rivera","Anthony Diaz"],"dc:creator":["Casique, Hector"],"dc:date.available":["2017-07-06T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Ferrous iron (Fe(II)) has been implicated as one contributor in the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) from ambient particles emitted during the incomplete combustion of fossil and biomass fuels. Although ROS are known to induce unhealthy oxidative stress in cellular systems, the mechanisms of Fe(II) formation and stabilization in aerosol particles are still not well understood. Here, we investigate the role of soot on Iron reduction from Fe(III) to Fe(II), under various conditions including those encountered in the tailpipe of a vehicle. Aqueous leaching experiments of soot-hematite mixtures were carried out while analyzing for Fe(II) spectrophotometrically, and changes in Fe(II) concentrations were then investigated in the context of soot characteristics, including surface area, surface functional groups, and soot structure. Results show that some soot-iron mixtures have a synergistic effect on the reduction of Fe(III), representing between 0.001% to 0.30% Fe(II) of total Fe within the first 120 min of the experiment and up to 0.82 % Fe(II) after 48 hours or extraction. Extent of reduction depends on type of soot and its pre-treatment. Exposure to light did not significantly change Fe(II) production in soot-hematite mixtures. These results indicate that, during night-time, the production and stabilization of Fe(II) by soot can significantly contribute to total Fe(II) concentrations in ambient aerosol particles."],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/674"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["Iron","Soot","Fe","Tailpipe","Carbon","Atmospheric Sciences","Climate","Environmental Sciences"],"dc:title":["Iron Reduction in Soot"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:04Z"}