{"id":{"repo_id":"central-wash","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1648"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/central-wash/oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1648","repository":{"repo_id":"central-wash","name":"Central Washington University","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Monitoring Reduction Efforts for PM2.5 in Ellensburg,WA Using Community-Based Social Marketing to Examine Behavioral Change","abstract":"In 2011, Ellensburg, Washington was labeled by the Washington Department of Ecology as being vulnerable for violating National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate pollution (PM<sub>2.5­</sub>). In the Kittitas Basin, winter-time frequent air inversions and stagnant air events trap pollution near the ground, elevating pollutant concentrations during winter months. Wood smoke from household burning has been identified by mobile PM<sub>2.5 </sub>monitoring completed in 2015 as the primary source of PM­<sub>2.5</sub>. This research utilizes community-based social marketing techniques to encourage behavioral change for wood burning in a targeted neighborhood in Ellensburg. Residents of the target neighborhood were interviewed to gage knowledge and perceptions about wood burning and local air quality. Throughout the home-heating season mobile sampling for PM­<sub>2.5 </sub>and black carbon was conducted (i) to evaluate relative changes in PM­<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations throughout the city from the 2015 mobile sampling study and the data collected in 2017, and (ii) to determine the effectiveness of informational campaigns on behavioral change in the population within the target area that may have affected emissions. Data on knowledge and perception was obtained through 15 individual interviews and data on air quality was collected during 5 sampling evenings in winter of 2017. Analysis of findings using ArcGIS and R statistical software indicates that PM<sub>2.5­ </sub>concentrations in 2017 are higher than in 2015 as a whole. The increase in pollutant concentrations shows that the pilot community-based social marketing strategies used in the target neighborhood were not effective in altering behaviors that are associated with PM<sub>2.5 </sub>producing activities in the time of this study. Suggestions for future research and management of PM<sub>2.5</sub> reductions efforts are made within this study.","abstract_html":"In 2011, Ellensburg, Washington was labeled by the Washington Department of Ecology as being vulnerable for violating National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate pollution (PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5­&lt;/sub&gt;). In the Kittitas Basin, winter-time frequent air inversions and stagnant air events trap pollution near the ground, elevating pollutant concentrations during winter months. Wood smoke from household burning has been identified by mobile PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5 &lt;/sub&gt;monitoring completed in 2015 as the primary source of PM­&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt;. This research utilizes community-based social marketing techniques to encourage behavioral change for wood burning in a targeted neighborhood in Ellensburg. Residents of the target neighborhood were interviewed to gage knowledge and perceptions about wood burning and local air quality. Throughout the home-heating season mobile sampling for PM­&lt;sub&gt;2.5 &lt;/sub&gt;and black carbon was conducted (i) to evaluate relative changes in PM­&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; concentrations throughout the city from the 2015 mobile sampling study and the data collected in 2017, and (ii) to determine the effectiveness of informational campaigns on behavioral change in the population within the target area that may have affected emissions. Data on knowledge and perception was obtained through 15 individual interviews and data on air quality was collected during 5 sampling evenings in winter of 2017. Analysis of findings using ArcGIS and R statistical software indicates that PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5­ &lt;/sub&gt;concentrations in 2017 are higher than in 2015 as a whole. The increase in pollutant concentrations shows that the pilot community-based social marketing strategies used in the target neighborhood were not effective in altering behaviors that are associated with PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5 &lt;/sub&gt;producing activities in the time of this study. Suggestions for future research and management of PM&lt;sub&gt;2.5&lt;/sub&gt; reductions efforts are made within this study.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Gibbs, Kelsey"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Cultural and Environmental Resource Management","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Pamela McMullin-Messier","Anne Johansen","Jennifer Lipton"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2017,"date_issued":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2017-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:04Z","subjects":["air quality","mobile monitoring","GIS","Environmental Studies","Natural Resources Management and Policy"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/667","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Pamela McMullin-Messier","Anne Johansen","Jennifer Lipton"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Gibbs, Kelsey"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2017-06-19T07:00:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Cultural and Environmental Resource Management"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (MS)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["air quality","mobile monitoring","GIS","Environmental Studies","Natural Resources Management and Policy"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/667"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["In 2011, Ellensburg, Washington was labeled by the Washington Department of Ecology as being vulnerable for violating National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate pollution (PM<sub>2.5­</sub>). In the Kittitas Basin, winter-time frequent air inversions and stagnant air events trap pollution near the ground, elevating pollutant concentrations during winter months. Wood smoke from household burning has been identified by mobile PM<sub>2.5 </sub>monitoring completed in 2015 as the primary source of PM­<sub>2.5</sub>. This research utilizes community-based social marketing techniques to encourage behavioral change for wood burning in a targeted neighborhood in Ellensburg. Residents of the target neighborhood were interviewed to gage knowledge and perceptions about wood burning and local air quality. Throughout the home-heating season mobile sampling for PM­<sub>2.5 </sub>and black carbon was conducted (i) to evaluate relative changes in PM­<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations throughout the city from the 2015 mobile sampling study and the data collected in 2017, and (ii) to determine the effectiveness of informational campaigns on behavioral change in the population within the target area that may have affected emissions. Data on knowledge and perception was obtained through 15 individual interviews and data on air quality was collected during 5 sampling evenings in winter of 2017. Analysis of findings using ArcGIS and R statistical software indicates that PM<sub>2.5­ </sub>concentrations in 2017 are higher than in 2015 as a whole. The increase in pollutant concentrations shows that the pilot community-based social marketing strategies used in the target neighborhood were not effective in altering behaviors that are associated with PM<sub>2.5 </sub>producing activities in the time of this study. Suggestions for future research and management of PM<sub>2.5</sub> reductions efforts are made within this study."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Monitoring Reduction Efforts for PM2.5 in Ellensburg,WA Using Community-Based Social Marketing to Examine Behavioral Change"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Pamela McMullin-Messier","Anne Johansen","Jennifer Lipton"],"dc:creator":["Gibbs, Kelsey"],"dc:date.available":["2017-06-19T07:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["In 2011, Ellensburg, Washington was labeled by the Washington Department of Ecology as being vulnerable for violating National Ambient Air Quality Standards for particulate pollution (PM<sub>2.5­</sub>). In the Kittitas Basin, winter-time frequent air inversions and stagnant air events trap pollution near the ground, elevating pollutant concentrations during winter months. Wood smoke from household burning has been identified by mobile PM<sub>2.5 </sub>monitoring completed in 2015 as the primary source of PM­<sub>2.5</sub>. This research utilizes community-based social marketing techniques to encourage behavioral change for wood burning in a targeted neighborhood in Ellensburg. Residents of the target neighborhood were interviewed to gage knowledge and perceptions about wood burning and local air quality. Throughout the home-heating season mobile sampling for PM­<sub>2.5 </sub>and black carbon was conducted (i) to evaluate relative changes in PM­<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations throughout the city from the 2015 mobile sampling study and the data collected in 2017, and (ii) to determine the effectiveness of informational campaigns on behavioral change in the population within the target area that may have affected emissions. Data on knowledge and perception was obtained through 15 individual interviews and data on air quality was collected during 5 sampling evenings in winter of 2017. Analysis of findings using ArcGIS and R statistical software indicates that PM<sub>2.5­ </sub>concentrations in 2017 are higher than in 2015 as a whole. The increase in pollutant concentrations shows that the pilot community-based social marketing strategies used in the target neighborhood were not effective in altering behaviors that are associated with PM<sub>2.5 </sub>producing activities in the time of this study. Suggestions for future research and management of PM<sub>2.5</sub> reductions efforts are made within this study."],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/667"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["air quality","mobile monitoring","GIS","Environmental Studies","Natural Resources Management and Policy"],"dc:title":["Monitoring Reduction Efforts for PM2.5 in Ellensburg,WA Using Community-Based Social Marketing to Examine Behavioral Change"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Cultural and Environmental Resource Management"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:37:04Z"}