{"id":{"repo_id":"central-wash","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1293"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/central-wash/oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1293","repository":{"repo_id":"central-wash","name":"Central Washington University","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Examination of the Relationship Between Caesarean Section Births and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder","abstract":"Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, a neurological disorder characterized by inattentive and hyperactive behaviors, has become increasingly more prevalent (CDC, 2010). Recent research has found associations between this disorder and Caesarean section births (Amiri et al., 2012; Juarez et al., 2008). The current study examined the relationship between C-section birth and self-reported symptoms of ADHD by college students on the Internal Restlessness Scale (Weyandt et al., 2003). Results of the study indicate a significant difference in mean ratings of ADHD symptoms between C-section and vaginally born participants (<em>t = </em>3.683, p < .000). The current study supports previous findings of a relationship between C-sections and ADHD.","abstract_html":"Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, a neurological disorder characterized by inattentive and hyperactive behaviors, has become increasingly more prevalent (CDC, 2010). Recent research has found associations between this disorder and Caesarean section births (Amiri et al., 2012; Juarez et al., 2008). The current study examined the relationship between C-section birth and self-reported symptoms of ADHD by college students on the Internal Restlessness Scale (Weyandt et al., 2003). Results of the study indicate a significant difference in mean ratings of ADHD symptoms between C-section and vaginally born participants (&lt;em&gt;t = &lt;/em&gt;3.683, p &lt; .000). The current study supports previous findings of a relationship between C-sections and ADHD.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Rosas, Breea M."],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Education Specialist (Ed.S.)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"School Psychology","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Stephanie Stein","Liane Pereira","Heidi Bogue"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2016,"date_issued":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2016-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:36:42Z","subjects":["birthing interventions","neurobehavioral disorders","Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms","Developmental Psychology","Educational Psychology","Obstetrics and Gynecology","Other Mental and Social Health"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/299","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Stephanie Stein","Liane Pereira","Heidi Bogue"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Rosas, Breea M."]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2016-01-29T08:00:00Z"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Text"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["School Psychology"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Education Specialist (Ed.S.)"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["birthing interventions","neurobehavioral disorders","Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms","Developmental Psychology","Educational Psychology","Obstetrics and Gynecology","Other Mental and Social Health"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["English"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/299"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, a neurological disorder characterized by inattentive and hyperactive behaviors, has become increasingly more prevalent (CDC, 2010). Recent research has found associations between this disorder and Caesarean section births (Amiri et al., 2012; Juarez et al., 2008). The current study examined the relationship between C-section birth and self-reported symptoms of ADHD by college students on the Internal Restlessness Scale (Weyandt et al., 2003). Results of the study indicate a significant difference in mean ratings of ADHD symptoms between C-section and vaginally born participants (<em>t = </em>3.683, p < .000). The current study supports previous findings of a relationship between C-sections and ADHD."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Examination of the Relationship Between Caesarean Section Births and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Stephanie Stein","Liane Pereira","Heidi Bogue"],"dc:creator":["Rosas, Breea M."],"dc:date.available":["2016-01-29T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, a neurological disorder characterized by inattentive and hyperactive behaviors, has become increasingly more prevalent (CDC, 2010). Recent research has found associations between this disorder and Caesarean section births (Amiri et al., 2012; Juarez et al., 2008). The current study examined the relationship between C-section birth and self-reported symptoms of ADHD by college students on the Internal Restlessness Scale (Weyandt et al., 2003). Results of the study indicate a significant difference in mean ratings of ADHD symptoms between C-section and vaginally born participants (<em>t = </em>3.683, p < .000). The current study supports previous findings of a relationship between C-sections and ADHD."],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/299"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["birthing interventions","neurobehavioral disorders","Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms","Developmental Psychology","Educational Psychology","Obstetrics and Gynecology","Other Mental and Social Health"],"dc:title":["Examination of the Relationship Between Caesarean Section Births and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["School Psychology"],"thesis:degree_name":["Education Specialist (Ed.S.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:36:42Z"}