{"id":{"repo_id":"central-wash","oai_identifier":"oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1286"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/central-wash/oai:digitalcommons.cwu.edu:etd-1286","repository":{"repo_id":"central-wash","name":"Central Washington University","base_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/do/oai/"},"display":{"title":"Timing and Source of Alkali Enrichment at Mt. Etna, Sicily: Constraints from Clinopyroxene Geobarometry and In Situ SR Isotope Data","abstract":"Since 1971, Mt. Etna, Europe’s largest and most active volcano, has exhibited increased eruption frequency and explosivity. Associated with this increased activity, researchers have documented higher abundances of alkali elements (K, Rb, Cs) as well as elevated <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr in Etnean lavas. The source of this alkali-enrichment has been hotly debated, with end-member hypotheses involving mantle vs. crustal contributions. To further characterize the evolution of the subvolcanic magma storage and transport system, as well as the timing and source of alkali-enrichment, clinopyroxene from ten samples erupted between 1329 and 2004 was targeted for <em>in situ</em> textural, major element and Sr isotope analysis. Clinopyroxene disequilibrium textures paired with increased Mg# values imply recharge/mixing at work within a dynamic magmatic system. Calculated pressures also reveal a dominant crystallization zone between ~8.7 and 16.5 km within the volcano’s carbonate substratum. A select population of clinopyroxene exhibits increasing weight percent CaO and Mg# with decreasing pressure, providing new evidence for late-stage carbonate assimilation enhanced by magmatic recharge. Alkali-enrichment is thus likely a consequence of both magma recharge and crustal assimilation.","abstract_html":"Since 1971, Mt. Etna, Europe’s largest and most active volcano, has exhibited increased eruption frequency and explosivity. Associated with this increased activity, researchers have documented higher abundances of alkali elements (K, Rb, Cs) as well as elevated &lt;sup&gt;87&lt;/sup&gt;Sr/&lt;sup&gt;86&lt;/sup&gt;Sr in Etnean lavas. The source of this alkali-enrichment has been hotly debated, with end-member hypotheses involving mantle vs. crustal contributions. To further characterize the evolution of the subvolcanic magma storage and transport system, as well as the timing and source of alkali-enrichment, clinopyroxene from ten samples erupted between 1329 and 2004 was targeted for &lt;em&gt;in situ&lt;/em&gt; textural, major element and Sr isotope analysis. Clinopyroxene disequilibrium textures paired with increased Mg# values imply recharge/mixing at work within a dynamic magmatic system. Calculated pressures also reveal a dominant crystallization zone between ~8.7 and 16.5 km within the volcano’s carbonate substratum. A select population of clinopyroxene exhibits increasing weight percent CaO and Mg# with decreasing pressure, providing new evidence for late-stage carbonate assimilation enhanced by magmatic recharge. Alkali-enrichment is thus likely a consequence of both magma recharge and crustal assimilation.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Nelson, Kaitlyn"],"institution":null,"degree_name":"Master of Science (MS)","degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":"Geological Sciences","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["Wendy A. Bohrson","Chris Mattinson","Jeffrey Lee"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-01-01T08:00:00Z","date_published":"2015-01-01T08:00:00Z","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:36:42Z","subjects":["Mt. Etna","igneous petrology","basalt","computational modeling","crustal assimilation","carbonate","Geochemistry","Geology","Volcanology"],"languages":["English"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/276","outbound_label":"Repository record","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Wendy A. 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To further characterize the evolution of the subvolcanic magma storage and transport system, as well as the timing and source of alkali-enrichment, clinopyroxene from ten samples erupted between 1329 and 2004 was targeted for <em>in situ</em> textural, major element and Sr isotope analysis. Clinopyroxene disequilibrium textures paired with increased Mg# values imply recharge/mixing at work within a dynamic magmatic system. Calculated pressures also reveal a dominant crystallization zone between ~8.7 and 16.5 km within the volcano’s carbonate substratum. A select population of clinopyroxene exhibits increasing weight percent CaO and Mg# with decreasing pressure, providing new evidence for late-stage carbonate assimilation enhanced by magmatic recharge. Alkali-enrichment is thus likely a consequence of both magma recharge and crustal assimilation."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Timing and Source of Alkali Enrichment at Mt. Etna, Sicily: Constraints from Clinopyroxene Geobarometry and In Situ SR Isotope Data"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Wendy A. Bohrson","Chris Mattinson","Jeffrey Lee"],"dc:creator":["Nelson, Kaitlyn"],"dc:date.available":["2020-12-16T08:00:00Z"],"dc:description.abstract":["Since 1971, Mt. Etna, Europe’s largest and most active volcano, has exhibited increased eruption frequency and explosivity. Associated with this increased activity, researchers have documented higher abundances of alkali elements (K, Rb, Cs) as well as elevated <sup>87</sup>Sr/<sup>86</sup>Sr in Etnean lavas. The source of this alkali-enrichment has been hotly debated, with end-member hypotheses involving mantle vs. crustal contributions. To further characterize the evolution of the subvolcanic magma storage and transport system, as well as the timing and source of alkali-enrichment, clinopyroxene from ten samples erupted between 1329 and 2004 was targeted for <em>in situ</em> textural, major element and Sr isotope analysis. Clinopyroxene disequilibrium textures paired with increased Mg# values imply recharge/mixing at work within a dynamic magmatic system. Calculated pressures also reveal a dominant crystallization zone between ~8.7 and 16.5 km within the volcano’s carbonate substratum. A select population of clinopyroxene exhibits increasing weight percent CaO and Mg# with decreasing pressure, providing new evidence for late-stage carbonate assimilation enhanced by magmatic recharge. Alkali-enrichment is thus likely a consequence of both magma recharge and crustal assimilation."],"dc:identifier":["https://digitalcommons.cwu.edu/etd/276"],"dc:language":["English"],"dc:subject":["Mt. Etna","igneous petrology","basalt","computational modeling","crustal assimilation","carbonate","Geochemistry","Geology","Volcanology"],"dc:title":["Timing and Source of Alkali Enrichment at Mt. Etna, Sicily: Constraints from Clinopyroxene Geobarometry and In Situ SR Isotope Data"],"dc:type":["Text"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Geological Sciences"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (MS)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:36:42Z"}