{"id":{"repo_id":"cent-lancashire","oai_identifier":"oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:9633"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/cent-lancashire/oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:9633","repository":{"repo_id":"cent-lancashire","name":"University of Central Lancashire","base_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Proliposome Technology for Protein Delivery","abstract":"Growing attention has been given to the potential of the respiratory tract for systemic delivery of macromolecules, particularly proteins and peptides. However, limitations such as short transit time and loss of activity of some proteins and peptides in the respiratory tract need to be overcome. Consequently, the utility of controlled drug delivery systems such as liposomes as protein carriers appear promising. Unfortunately, liposomes are unstable in aqueous dispersions. Additionally, conventional liposome preparation methods such as the thin film hydration are difficult to scale-up, and also demonstrate low entrapment efficiencies for hydrophilic materials. The aim of this work was to develop novel submicron mucoadhesive liposomes entrapping the protein immunoglobulin g (IgG) using the proliposome method. Additionally, this work explored the potential of the generated liposomes for respiratory tract delivery via medical nebulisers and nasal sprays with different operating principles. Liposomes generated from the proliposome technology were multilamellar as cryo-TEM studies revealed. The generated liposomes were capable of entrapping considerable concentrations of salbutamol sulfate (59.1%), ovalbumin (43.3 %) and IgG (29.9 %). Also, the generated liposomes demonstrated superior entrapment efficiency of IgG to other liposome preparation methods (thin film and particulate- based proliposome technology). Reduction of liposome size to 400 nm and the incorporation of the mucoadhesive agent sodium alginate markedly enhanced the entrapment of IgG in liposomes (up to 50 %). The secondary structure and immunological reactivity of IgG were also maintained following its incorporation in liposomes as demonstrated by circular dichroism and microagglutination assay, respectively. Nebulisation was found to fragment liposomes as well as reduce the activity of the entrapped IgG. The degree of liposome fragmentation and loss of activity of IgG varied markedly among different medical nebulisers. Liposome size distribution and IgG immune reactivity studies elucidated that vibrating-mesh nebuliser was least disruptive to liposome structure and the immunoreactivity of the incorporated IgG was least affected following its use (retained activity of 83% versus 24% and 39% for the ultrasonic and air-jet nebulisers, respectively). Contrary to medical nebulizers, this work illustrated that all studied nasal devices preserved both the integrity of liposomes and the incorporated IgG. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate potential benefits in drug delivery employing both intranasal administration and proliposome technology offer with great promise in using proliposome formulations for intranasal protein delivery.","abstract_html":"Growing attention has been given to the potential of the respiratory tract for systemic delivery of macromolecules, particularly proteins and peptides. However, limitations such as short transit time and loss of activity of some proteins and peptides in the respiratory tract need to be overcome. Consequently, the utility of controlled drug delivery systems such as liposomes as protein carriers appear promising. Unfortunately, liposomes are unstable in aqueous dispersions. Additionally, conventional liposome preparation methods such as the thin film hydration are difficult to scale-up, and also demonstrate low entrapment efficiencies for hydrophilic materials. The aim of this work was to develop novel submicron mucoadhesive liposomes entrapping the protein immunoglobulin g (IgG) using the proliposome method. Additionally, this work explored the potential of the generated liposomes for respiratory tract delivery via medical nebulisers and nasal sprays with different operating principles. Liposomes generated from the proliposome technology were multilamellar as cryo-TEM studies revealed. The generated liposomes were capable of entrapping considerable concentrations of salbutamol sulfate (59.1%), ovalbumin (43.3 %) and IgG (29.9 %). Also, the generated liposomes demonstrated superior entrapment efficiency of IgG to other liposome preparation methods (thin film and particulate- based proliposome technology). Reduction of liposome size to 400 nm and the incorporation of the mucoadhesive agent sodium alginate markedly enhanced the entrapment of IgG in liposomes (up to 50 %). The secondary structure and immunological reactivity of IgG were also maintained following its incorporation in liposomes as demonstrated by circular dichroism and microagglutination assay, respectively. Nebulisation was found to fragment liposomes as well as reduce the activity of the entrapped IgG. The degree of liposome fragmentation and loss of activity of IgG varied markedly among different medical nebulisers. Liposome size distribution and IgG immune reactivity studies elucidated that vibrating-mesh nebuliser was least disruptive to liposome structure and the immunoreactivity of the incorporated IgG was least affected following its use (retained activity of 83% versus 24% and 39% for the ultrasonic and air-jet nebulisers, respectively). Contrary to medical nebulizers, this work illustrated that all studied nasal devices preserved both the integrity of liposomes and the incorporated IgG. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate potential benefits in drug delivery employing both intranasal administration and proliposome technology offer with great promise in using proliposome formulations for intranasal protein delivery.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Arafat, Basel"],"institution":"University of Central Lancashire","degree_name":"phd","degree_level":"doctoral","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2013,"date_issued":"2013-04","date_published":"2013-04","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:35:46Z","subjects":["B230 - Pharmacy"],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Email recieved(30/01/2014) notifying of Embargo required on thesis. Placed 1 year embargo on thesis and emailed author to check this is sufficient.-------- Hi Helen One of our recent PhD graduates, Basel Arafat (School of Pharmacy) has emailed requesting an embargo be placed on his thesis - see below. Is this possible? Thanks Clare D -----Original Message----- From: Basel Arafat [mailto:basel.arafat@me.com] Sent: 30 January 2014 07:01 To: Adbelbary Elhissi Subject: Regards Dear dr. Abdelbary, Dr. I have encountered a disturbing thing now though that I think needs to be dealt with urgently ASAP, that is my thesis put online (open source) !! I have many interesting unpublished results dr. That I wouldn't like people to get their hand on just yet. Can you please speak to the university about this matter please ? Many thank dear dr. Abdelbary Regards Basel"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.sponsor","label":"Sponsor","values":["Addison Award"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Arafat, Basel"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2013-04"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2013-04"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Central Lancashire"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/9633/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["doctoral"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["phd"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["B230 - Pharmacy"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Email recieved(30/01/2014) notifying of Embargo required on thesis. Placed 1 year embargo on thesis and emailed author to check this is sufficient.-------- Hi Helen One of our recent PhD graduates, Basel Arafat (School of Pharmacy) has emailed requesting an embargo be placed on his thesis - see below. Is this possible? Thanks Clare D -----Original Message----- From: Basel Arafat [mailto:basel.arafat@me.com] Sent: 30 January 2014 07:01 To: Adbelbary Elhissi Subject: Regards Dear dr. Abdelbary, Dr. I have encountered a disturbing thing now though that I think needs to be dealt with urgently ASAP, that is my thesis put online (open source) !! I have many interesting unpublished results dr. That I wouldn't like people to get their hand on just yet. Can you please speak to the university about this matter please ? Many thank dear dr. Abdelbary Regards Basel"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/9633/1/Arafat%20Basel%20Final%20e-Thesis%20%28Master%20Copy%29.pdf","https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/9633/4/Arafat%20Basel%20e-Thesis%20Submission%20Form.doc"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Growing attention has been given to the potential of the respiratory tract for systemic delivery of macromolecules, particularly proteins and peptides. However, limitations such as short transit time and loss of activity of some proteins and peptides in the respiratory tract need to be overcome. Consequently, the utility of controlled drug delivery systems such as liposomes as protein carriers appear promising. Unfortunately, liposomes are unstable in aqueous dispersions. Additionally, conventional liposome preparation methods such as the thin film hydration are difficult to scale-up, and also demonstrate low entrapment efficiencies for hydrophilic materials. The aim of this work was to develop novel submicron mucoadhesive liposomes entrapping the protein immunoglobulin g (IgG) using the proliposome method. Additionally, this work explored the potential of the generated liposomes for respiratory tract delivery via medical nebulisers and nasal sprays with different operating principles. Liposomes generated from the proliposome technology were multilamellar as cryo-TEM studies revealed. The generated liposomes were capable of entrapping considerable concentrations of salbutamol sulfate (59.1%), ovalbumin (43.3 %) and IgG (29.9 %). Also, the generated liposomes demonstrated superior entrapment efficiency of IgG to other liposome preparation methods (thin film and particulate- based proliposome technology). Reduction of liposome size to 400 nm and the incorporation of the mucoadhesive agent sodium alginate markedly enhanced the entrapment of IgG in liposomes (up to 50 %). The secondary structure and immunological reactivity of IgG were also maintained following its incorporation in liposomes as demonstrated by circular dichroism and microagglutination assay, respectively. Nebulisation was found to fragment liposomes as well as reduce the activity of the entrapped IgG. The degree of liposome fragmentation and loss of activity of IgG varied markedly among different medical nebulisers. Liposome size distribution and IgG immune reactivity studies elucidated that vibrating-mesh nebuliser was least disruptive to liposome structure and the immunoreactivity of the incorporated IgG was least affected following its use (retained activity of 83% versus 24% and 39% for the ultrasonic and air-jet nebulisers, respectively). Contrary to medical nebulizers, this work illustrated that all studied nasal devices preserved both the integrity of liposomes and the incorporated IgG. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate potential benefits in drug delivery employing both intranasal administration and proliposome technology offer with great promise in using proliposome formulations for intranasal protein delivery."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf","application/msword"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Proliposome Technology for Protein Delivery"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.sponsor":["Addison Award"],"dc:creator":["Arafat, Basel"],"dc:date":["2013-04"],"dc:date.issued":["2013-04"],"dc:description.abstract":["Growing attention has been given to the potential of the respiratory tract for systemic delivery of macromolecules, particularly proteins and peptides. However, limitations such as short transit time and loss of activity of some proteins and peptides in the respiratory tract need to be overcome. Consequently, the utility of controlled drug delivery systems such as liposomes as protein carriers appear promising. Unfortunately, liposomes are unstable in aqueous dispersions. Additionally, conventional liposome preparation methods such as the thin film hydration are difficult to scale-up, and also demonstrate low entrapment efficiencies for hydrophilic materials. The aim of this work was to develop novel submicron mucoadhesive liposomes entrapping the protein immunoglobulin g (IgG) using the proliposome method. Additionally, this work explored the potential of the generated liposomes for respiratory tract delivery via medical nebulisers and nasal sprays with different operating principles. Liposomes generated from the proliposome technology were multilamellar as cryo-TEM studies revealed. The generated liposomes were capable of entrapping considerable concentrations of salbutamol sulfate (59.1%), ovalbumin (43.3 %) and IgG (29.9 %). Also, the generated liposomes demonstrated superior entrapment efficiency of IgG to other liposome preparation methods (thin film and particulate- based proliposome technology). Reduction of liposome size to 400 nm and the incorporation of the mucoadhesive agent sodium alginate markedly enhanced the entrapment of IgG in liposomes (up to 50 %). The secondary structure and immunological reactivity of IgG were also maintained following its incorporation in liposomes as demonstrated by circular dichroism and microagglutination assay, respectively. Nebulisation was found to fragment liposomes as well as reduce the activity of the entrapped IgG. The degree of liposome fragmentation and loss of activity of IgG varied markedly among different medical nebulisers. Liposome size distribution and IgG immune reactivity studies elucidated that vibrating-mesh nebuliser was least disruptive to liposome structure and the immunoreactivity of the incorporated IgG was least affected following its use (retained activity of 83% versus 24% and 39% for the ultrasonic and air-jet nebulisers, respectively). Contrary to medical nebulizers, this work illustrated that all studied nasal devices preserved both the integrity of liposomes and the incorporated IgG. In conclusion, the findings of this study demonstrate potential benefits in drug delivery employing both intranasal administration and proliposome technology offer with great promise in using proliposome formulations for intranasal protein delivery."],"dc:format":["application/pdf","application/msword"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/9633/1/Arafat%20Basel%20Final%20e-Thesis%20%28Master%20Copy%29.pdf","https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/9633/4/Arafat%20Basel%20e-Thesis%20Submission%20Form.doc"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:publisher.department":["School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Central Lancashire"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/9633/"],"dc:rights":["Email recieved(30/01/2014) notifying of Embargo required on thesis. Placed 1 year embargo on thesis and emailed author to check this is sufficient.-------- Hi Helen One of our recent PhD graduates, Basel Arafat (School of Pharmacy) has emailed requesting an embargo be placed on his thesis - see below. Is this possible? Thanks Clare D -----Original Message----- From: Basel Arafat [mailto:basel.arafat@me.com] Sent: 30 January 2014 07:01 To: Adbelbary Elhissi Subject: Regards Dear dr. Abdelbary, Dr. I have encountered a disturbing thing now though that I think needs to be dealt with urgently ASAP, that is my thesis put online (open source) !! I have many interesting unpublished results dr. That I wouldn't like people to get their hand on just yet. Can you please speak to the university about this matter please ? Many thank dear dr. Abdelbary Regards Basel"],"dc:subject":["B230 - Pharmacy"],"dc:title":["Proliposome Technology for Protein Delivery"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["doctoral"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["phd"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:35:46Z"}