{"id":{"repo_id":"cent-lancashire","oai_identifier":"oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:20824"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/cent-lancashire/oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:20824","repository":{"repo_id":"cent-lancashire","name":"University of Central Lancashire","base_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Comparison of two diabetes mellitus exercise programmes with respect to exercise adherence and physiological and psychological effects","abstract":"The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased 5-fold over the last 20 years worldwide. Contributed to by an obesity epidemic and sedentary lifestyles, DM is costing the UK Government £5.2 billion a year and this amount is rising gradually. Exercise is a major cornerstone for treatment of DM, however, benefits derived from exercise have been shown to wane 3-10 days after exercise. Therefore, for exercise to be an effective form of treatment, it should be adopted as a lifestyle change. The aim of this study was to show how the aid of psychological intervention, in conjunction with exercise therapy, could be implemented in a cost-effective way into the Primary Care Trust (PCT) infrastructure. Forty newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were assessed by physiological and psychological parameters over a period of 12-weeks. Adherence to the programme was monitored, as well as adherence in a 6-month follow-up. Patients were allocated into two groups, namely exercise only and exercise with psychological intervention. The exercise only group comprised of 1 aerobic training session and I resistance training session while the psychological intervention group involved the same exercise training programme and different psychological intervention strategies. The results confirmed a significant (pc0.001) improvement in physiological parameters (weight, percentage body fat, grip strength, peak flow, flexibility and V02 max) after the 12-week programme in both groups. The psychological intervention group resulted in significant (pc0.05) changes in body fat, grip strength and peak flow in comparison to the exercise only group. In a small adjacent study conducted on 7 of the diabetic patients, average daily blood glucose levels showed a significant (pc0.01) reduction over the 12-week exercise period. Psychological parameters, measuring mood state (anxiety, depression , anger, energy, fatigue and confusion) were all positively (pc0.001) influenced in both groups from the therapy programme. The main findings of the study revealed that psychological intervention had a significant (pc0.001) influence on attendance to the 12-week programme, and this also resulted in a significant better adherence 6-months later, upon follow-up. In contrast, the exercise only group shows a noteworthy decrease (pc0.05) in exercise adherence. In conclusion, the results of the study have demonstrated that psychological intervention is of paramount importance during exercise therapy for type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, either with or without psychological intervention, exercise therapy is not only beneficial but it is also an important aid to treat type 2 DM.","abstract_html":"The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased 5-fold over the last 20 years worldwide. Contributed to by an obesity epidemic and sedentary lifestyles, DM is costing the UK Government £5.2 billion a year and this amount is rising gradually. Exercise is a major cornerstone for treatment of DM, however, benefits derived from exercise have been shown to wane 3-10 days after exercise. Therefore, for exercise to be an effective form of treatment, it should be adopted as a lifestyle change. The aim of this study was to show how the aid of psychological intervention, in conjunction with exercise therapy, could be implemented in a cost-effective way into the Primary Care Trust (PCT) infrastructure. Forty newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were assessed by physiological and psychological parameters over a period of 12-weeks. Adherence to the programme was monitored, as well as adherence in a 6-month follow-up. Patients were allocated into two groups, namely exercise only and exercise with psychological intervention. The exercise only group comprised of 1 aerobic training session and I resistance training session while the psychological intervention group involved the same exercise training programme and different psychological intervention strategies. The results confirmed a significant (pc0.001) improvement in physiological parameters (weight, percentage body fat, grip strength, peak flow, flexibility and V02 max) after the 12-week programme in both groups. The psychological intervention group resulted in significant (pc0.05) changes in body fat, grip strength and peak flow in comparison to the exercise only group. In a small adjacent study conducted on 7 of the diabetic patients, average daily blood glucose levels showed a significant (pc0.01) reduction over the 12-week exercise period. Psychological parameters, measuring mood state (anxiety, depression , anger, energy, fatigue and confusion) were all positively (pc0.001) influenced in both groups from the therapy programme. The main findings of the study revealed that psychological intervention had a significant (pc0.001) influence on attendance to the 12-week programme, and this also resulted in a significant better adherence 6-months later, upon follow-up. In contrast, the exercise only group shows a noteworthy decrease (pc0.05) in exercise adherence. In conclusion, the results of the study have demonstrated that psychological intervention is of paramount importance during exercise therapy for type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, either with or without psychological intervention, exercise therapy is not only beneficial but it is also an important aid to treat type 2 DM.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Martinus, Robert"],"institution":"University of Central Lancashire","degree_name":"msc","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2003,"date_issued":"2003-12","date_published":"2003-12","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:36:16Z","subjects":["C600 - Sport & exercise science"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Martinus, Robert"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2003-12-01"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2003-12"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Central Lancashire"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/20824/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["masters"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["msc"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["C600 - Sport & exercise science"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/20824/1/20824%20Robert%20Martinus%20Dec03%20Comparison%20of%20two%20diabetes%20mellitus%20exercise%20programmes%20with%20respect%20to%20exercise%20adherence%20and%20physiological%20and%20psychological%20effect%208.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased 5-fold over the last 20 years worldwide. Contributed to by an obesity epidemic and sedentary lifestyles, DM is costing the UK Government £5.2 billion a year and this amount is rising gradually. Exercise is a major cornerstone for treatment of DM, however, benefits derived from exercise have been shown to wane 3-10 days after exercise. Therefore, for exercise to be an effective form of treatment, it should be adopted as a lifestyle change. The aim of this study was to show how the aid of psychological intervention, in conjunction with exercise therapy, could be implemented in a cost-effective way into the Primary Care Trust (PCT) infrastructure. Forty newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were assessed by physiological and psychological parameters over a period of 12-weeks. Adherence to the programme was monitored, as well as adherence in a 6-month follow-up. Patients were allocated into two groups, namely exercise only and exercise with psychological intervention. The exercise only group comprised of 1 aerobic training session and I resistance training session while the psychological intervention group involved the same exercise training programme and different psychological intervention strategies. The results confirmed a significant (pc0.001) improvement in physiological parameters (weight, percentage body fat, grip strength, peak flow, flexibility and V02 max) after the 12-week programme in both groups. The psychological intervention group resulted in significant (pc0.05) changes in body fat, grip strength and peak flow in comparison to the exercise only group. In a small adjacent study conducted on 7 of the diabetic patients, average daily blood glucose levels showed a significant (pc0.01) reduction over the 12-week exercise period. Psychological parameters, measuring mood state (anxiety, depression , anger, energy, fatigue and confusion) were all positively (pc0.001) influenced in both groups from the therapy programme. The main findings of the study revealed that psychological intervention had a significant (pc0.001) influence on attendance to the 12-week programme, and this also resulted in a significant better adherence 6-months later, upon follow-up. In contrast, the exercise only group shows a noteworthy decrease (pc0.05) in exercise adherence. In conclusion, the results of the study have demonstrated that psychological intervention is of paramount importance during exercise therapy for type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, either with or without psychological intervention, exercise therapy is not only beneficial but it is also an important aid to treat type 2 DM."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Comparison of two diabetes mellitus exercise programmes with respect to exercise adherence and physiological and psychological effects"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Martinus, Robert"],"dc:date":["2003-12-01"],"dc:date.issued":["2003-12"],"dc:description.abstract":["The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased 5-fold over the last 20 years worldwide. Contributed to by an obesity epidemic and sedentary lifestyles, DM is costing the UK Government £5.2 billion a year and this amount is rising gradually. Exercise is a major cornerstone for treatment of DM, however, benefits derived from exercise have been shown to wane 3-10 days after exercise. Therefore, for exercise to be an effective form of treatment, it should be adopted as a lifestyle change. The aim of this study was to show how the aid of psychological intervention, in conjunction with exercise therapy, could be implemented in a cost-effective way into the Primary Care Trust (PCT) infrastructure. Forty newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients were assessed by physiological and psychological parameters over a period of 12-weeks. Adherence to the programme was monitored, as well as adherence in a 6-month follow-up. Patients were allocated into two groups, namely exercise only and exercise with psychological intervention. The exercise only group comprised of 1 aerobic training session and I resistance training session while the psychological intervention group involved the same exercise training programme and different psychological intervention strategies. The results confirmed a significant (pc0.001) improvement in physiological parameters (weight, percentage body fat, grip strength, peak flow, flexibility and V02 max) after the 12-week programme in both groups. The psychological intervention group resulted in significant (pc0.05) changes in body fat, grip strength and peak flow in comparison to the exercise only group. In a small adjacent study conducted on 7 of the diabetic patients, average daily blood glucose levels showed a significant (pc0.01) reduction over the 12-week exercise period. Psychological parameters, measuring mood state (anxiety, depression , anger, energy, fatigue and confusion) were all positively (pc0.001) influenced in both groups from the therapy programme. The main findings of the study revealed that psychological intervention had a significant (pc0.001) influence on attendance to the 12-week programme, and this also resulted in a significant better adherence 6-months later, upon follow-up. In contrast, the exercise only group shows a noteworthy decrease (pc0.05) in exercise adherence. In conclusion, the results of the study have demonstrated that psychological intervention is of paramount importance during exercise therapy for type 2 diabetic patients. Moreover, either with or without psychological intervention, exercise therapy is not only beneficial but it is also an important aid to treat type 2 DM."],"dc:format":["application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/20824/1/20824%20Robert%20Martinus%20Dec03%20Comparison%20of%20two%20diabetes%20mellitus%20exercise%20programmes%20with%20respect%20to%20exercise%20adherence%20and%20physiological%20and%20psychological%20effect%208.pdf"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Central Lancashire"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/20824/"],"dc:subject":["C600 - Sport & exercise science"],"dc:title":["Comparison of two diabetes mellitus exercise programmes with respect to exercise adherence and physiological and psychological effects"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["masters"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["msc"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:36:16Z"}