{"id":{"repo_id":"cent-lancashire","oai_identifier":"oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:12154"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/cent-lancashire/oai:clok.uclan.ac.uk:12154","repository":{"repo_id":"cent-lancashire","name":"University of Central Lancashire","base_url":"https://clok.uclan.ac.uk/cgi/oai2"},"display":{"title":"Do increases in task difficulty lead to corresponding increases in group efficacy, cohesiveness and performance?","abstract":"The three Royal Air Force Development Training Centres (RAFDTCs) have been established to provide personal and team development training for all ranks. Outdoor activities are used at the centres as a catalyst to promote learning and exploration. Anecdotal evidence suggests there is a training effect from the centre activities however, a link to a specific effect remains elusive. The study, conducted at RAFDTC Fairbourne, explored whether increases in task difficulty (easy, moderate & hard), correspond with increases in group efficacy, group cohesion and performance time to complete the task. Additionally, following literature surrounding mediating and moderating variables (Kim, Kay, & Wright, 2001), research explored whether a triadic reciprocal causation between efficacy, cohesion and performance could be established (Bandura, 2001). The study participants were teams of 6 adults, randomly assigned to training groups for centre activities [12 (pilot) & 68 (main)]. To explore relationships between task difficulty, group efficacy, cohesiveness and group performance, a Leonardo`s Bridge Building exercise (Metalogs, 2010) was set. A small pilot study compared efficacy collection methods and was adjusted accordingly. Both pilot and main studies confirmed that, as task difficulty increases, there is a corresponding increase in time to complete the task (pilot study, pearson’s r (12) = .968*, p= .000 (1 tailed) & main study pearson’s r (68) = .642*, p= .000 (1 tailed)). The pilot study results indicated time was a significant predictor of pre and post task efficacy F(1.000,9.000)=5.880,p=.038, ηp2=.395 and that task level F(2.000,9.000)=12.000,p=.003, ηp2=.727 interacted with time to predict task efficacy. However, the larger sample in the main study did not confirm either of these findings. Results do not support a triadic reciprocal relationship between group efficacy, cohesion and performance. Group efficacy and cohesion (i.e., Group Integration Task) only appeared as an effect of performance.","abstract_html":"The three Royal Air Force Development Training Centres (RAFDTCs) have been established to provide personal and team development training for all ranks. Outdoor activities are used at the centres as a catalyst to promote learning and exploration. Anecdotal evidence suggests there is a training effect from the centre activities however, a link to a specific effect remains elusive. The study, conducted at RAFDTC Fairbourne, explored whether increases in task difficulty (easy, moderate & hard), correspond with increases in group efficacy, group cohesion and performance time to complete the task. Additionally, following literature surrounding mediating and moderating variables (Kim, Kay, & Wright, 2001), research explored whether a triadic reciprocal causation between efficacy, cohesion and performance could be established (Bandura, 2001). The study participants were teams of 6 adults, randomly assigned to training groups for centre activities [12 (pilot) & 68 (main)]. To explore relationships between task difficulty, group efficacy, cohesiveness and group performance, a Leonardo`s Bridge Building exercise (Metalogs, 2010) was set. A small pilot study compared efficacy collection methods and was adjusted accordingly. Both pilot and main studies confirmed that, as task difficulty increases, there is a corresponding increase in time to complete the task (pilot study, pearson’s r (12) = .968*, p= .000 (1 tailed) & main study pearson’s r (68) = .642*, p= .000 (1 tailed)). The pilot study results indicated time was a significant predictor of pre and post task efficacy F(1.000,9.000)=5.880,p=.038, ηp2=.395 and that task level F(2.000,9.000)=12.000,p=.003, ηp2=.727 interacted with time to predict task efficacy. However, the larger sample in the main study did not confirm either of these findings. Results do not support a triadic reciprocal relationship between group efficacy, cohesion and performance. Group efficacy and cohesion (i.e., Group Integration Task) only appeared as an effect of performance.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Tredgett, John"],"institution":"University of Central Lancashire","degree_name":"msc","degree_level":"masters","degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2015,"date_issued":"2015-04","date_published":"2015-04","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:35:53Z","subjects":["C800 - Psychology"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":null,"outbound_label":null,"outbound_source":null},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Tredgett, John"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2015-04-15"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2015-04"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["School of Sport, Tourism and the Outdoors"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Central Lancashire"]},{"key":"dc:relation.isreferencedby","label":"Dc Relation Isreferencedby","values":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/12154/"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["masters"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationname","label":"Dc Type Qualificationname","values":["msc"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["C800 - Psychology"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/12154/1/Tredgett%20John%20e-Thesis%20Submission%20Form.doc","https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/12154/2/Tredgett%20John%20Final%20e-Thesis%20%28Master%20Copy%29.pdf"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["The three Royal Air Force Development Training Centres (RAFDTCs) have been established to provide personal and team development training for all ranks. Outdoor activities are used at the centres as a catalyst to promote learning and exploration. Anecdotal evidence suggests there is a training effect from the centre activities however, a link to a specific effect remains elusive. The study, conducted at RAFDTC Fairbourne, explored whether increases in task difficulty (easy, moderate & hard), correspond with increases in group efficacy, group cohesion and performance time to complete the task. Additionally, following literature surrounding mediating and moderating variables (Kim, Kay, & Wright, 2001), research explored whether a triadic reciprocal causation between efficacy, cohesion and performance could be established (Bandura, 2001). The study participants were teams of 6 adults, randomly assigned to training groups for centre activities [12 (pilot) & 68 (main)]. To explore relationships between task difficulty, group efficacy, cohesiveness and group performance, a Leonardo`s Bridge Building exercise (Metalogs, 2010) was set. A small pilot study compared efficacy collection methods and was adjusted accordingly. Both pilot and main studies confirmed that, as task difficulty increases, there is a corresponding increase in time to complete the task (pilot study, pearson’s r (12) = .968*, p= .000 (1 tailed) & main study pearson’s r (68) = .642*, p= .000 (1 tailed)). The pilot study results indicated time was a significant predictor of pre and post task efficacy F(1.000,9.000)=5.880,p=.038, ηp2=.395 and that task level F(2.000,9.000)=12.000,p=.003, ηp2=.727 interacted with time to predict task efficacy. However, the larger sample in the main study did not confirm either of these findings. Results do not support a triadic reciprocal relationship between group efficacy, cohesion and performance. Group efficacy and cohesion (i.e., Group Integration Task) only appeared as an effect of performance."]},{"key":"dc:format","label":"Dc Format","values":["application/msword","application/pdf"]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Do increases in task difficulty lead to corresponding increases in group efficacy, cohesiveness and performance?"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Tredgett, John"],"dc:date":["2015-04-15"],"dc:date.issued":["2015-04"],"dc:description.abstract":["The three Royal Air Force Development Training Centres (RAFDTCs) have been established to provide personal and team development training for all ranks. Outdoor activities are used at the centres as a catalyst to promote learning and exploration. Anecdotal evidence suggests there is a training effect from the centre activities however, a link to a specific effect remains elusive. The study, conducted at RAFDTC Fairbourne, explored whether increases in task difficulty (easy, moderate & hard), correspond with increases in group efficacy, group cohesion and performance time to complete the task. Additionally, following literature surrounding mediating and moderating variables (Kim, Kay, & Wright, 2001), research explored whether a triadic reciprocal causation between efficacy, cohesion and performance could be established (Bandura, 2001). The study participants were teams of 6 adults, randomly assigned to training groups for centre activities [12 (pilot) & 68 (main)]. To explore relationships between task difficulty, group efficacy, cohesiveness and group performance, a Leonardo`s Bridge Building exercise (Metalogs, 2010) was set. A small pilot study compared efficacy collection methods and was adjusted accordingly. Both pilot and main studies confirmed that, as task difficulty increases, there is a corresponding increase in time to complete the task (pilot study, pearson’s r (12) = .968*, p= .000 (1 tailed) & main study pearson’s r (68) = .642*, p= .000 (1 tailed)). The pilot study results indicated time was a significant predictor of pre and post task efficacy F(1.000,9.000)=5.880,p=.038, ηp2=.395 and that task level F(2.000,9.000)=12.000,p=.003, ηp2=.727 interacted with time to predict task efficacy. However, the larger sample in the main study did not confirm either of these findings. Results do not support a triadic reciprocal relationship between group efficacy, cohesion and performance. Group efficacy and cohesion (i.e., Group Integration Task) only appeared as an effect of performance."],"dc:format":["application/msword","application/pdf"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/12154/1/Tredgett%20John%20e-Thesis%20Submission%20Form.doc","https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/12154/2/Tredgett%20John%20Final%20e-Thesis%20%28Master%20Copy%29.pdf"],"dc:language":["en"],"dc:publisher.department":["School of Sport, Tourism and the Outdoors"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Central Lancashire"],"dc:relation.isreferencedby":["https://knowledge.lancashire.ac.uk/id/eprint/12154/"],"dc:subject":["C800 - Psychology"],"dc:title":["Do increases in task difficulty lead to corresponding increases in group efficacy, cohesiveness and performance?"],"dc:type":["Thesis"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["masters"],"dc:type.qualificationname":["msc"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:35:53Z"}