{"id":{"repo_id":"catania","oai_identifier":"oai:www.iris.unict.it:20.500.11769/588113"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/catania/oai:www.iris.unict.it:20.500.11769/588113","repository":{"repo_id":"catania","name":"Università degli Studi di Catania","base_url":"https://www.iris.unict.it/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Alternative Feeding Resources in the Mediterranean areas to mitigate methane emissions from sheep","abstract":"The objective of the present doctoral study is to evaluate the potential of using two locally byproducts namely carob pulp (Ceratonia Siliqua) and dehydrated citrus pulp (DCP) in view of reducing the carbon footprint, alleviating methane gas emission and reducing dependence on cereal feeding in fattening lambs. Two experimental trials were set up in parallel in an experimental farm in Villarosa (EN) both with Comisana lambs at 90 days of age. Two level of inclusion i.e. 24% and 35% fresh weight were investigated. Four types of parameters were monitored namely performance and productivity both in vivo and at slaughter, rumen pH and fatty acids, rumen microbial ecosystem and in vitro fermentation kinetics. It was found that both carob pup and DCP ingesting animals had similar performance and productivity. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.25 for all the diets and the carcass weight was 43%.The rumen pH was similar across all the diets being around 6.6 which is within the range for optimal ruminal metabolism. For the rumen fatty acids profile, it was found that only vaccenic acid was significantly affected by ingestion of DCP, being at 4.99% in the 35% DCP containing diet (Cp35) compared to 1.5% in the control group. For the carob ingesting animals, the diet affected only the stearic acid which was lower in the 35% ingesting animals (Ca35) i.e. 26.4% compared to 38.3% in the control. These values demonstrate to some extent a change in the fatty acids metabolism due to ingestion of the two by products. The rumen microbial ecosystem was not affected by inclusion of the byproducts remaining at a level of 11 (logcopies/gFM) for total bacteria. It was found also that the in vitro methane production was similar across all the diets demonstrating that inclusion of Carob pulp or DCP did not change methanogenesis. The results of this study, demonstrated that Carob pulp and DCP can be used to substitute barley to some extent without any effect on performance and methane emission in lamb fattening. Rumen metabolism, in terms of ruminal fluid fatty acids, would seem affected only by dietary treatments based on the highest proportions (35%) of the two by products investigated.","abstract_html":"The objective of the present doctoral study is to evaluate the potential of using two locally byproducts namely carob pulp (Ceratonia Siliqua) and dehydrated citrus pulp (DCP) in view of reducing the carbon footprint, alleviating methane gas emission and reducing dependence on cereal feeding in fattening lambs. Two experimental trials were set up in parallel in an experimental farm in Villarosa (EN) both with Comisana lambs at 90 days of age. Two level of inclusion i.e. 24% and 35% fresh weight were investigated. Four types of parameters were monitored namely performance and productivity both in vivo and at slaughter, rumen pH and fatty acids, rumen microbial ecosystem and in vitro fermentation kinetics. It was found that both carob pup and DCP ingesting animals had similar performance and productivity. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.25 for all the diets and the carcass weight was 43%.The rumen pH was similar across all the diets being around 6.6 which is within the range for optimal ruminal metabolism. For the rumen fatty acids profile, it was found that only vaccenic acid was significantly affected by ingestion of DCP, being at 4.99% in the 35% DCP containing diet (Cp35) compared to 1.5% in the control group. For the carob ingesting animals, the diet affected only the stearic acid which was lower in the 35% ingesting animals (Ca35) i.e. 26.4% compared to 38.3% in the control. These values demonstrate to some extent a change in the fatty acids metabolism due to ingestion of the two by products. The rumen microbial ecosystem was not affected by inclusion of the byproducts remaining at a level of 11 (logcopies/gFM) for total bacteria. It was found also that the in vitro methane production was similar across all the diets demonstrating that inclusion of Carob pulp or DCP did not change methanogenesis. The results of this study, demonstrated that Carob pulp and DCP can be used to substitute barley to some extent without any effect on performance and methane emission in lamb fattening. Rumen metabolism, in terms of ruminal fluid fatty acids, would seem affected only by dietary treatments based on the highest proportions (35%) of the two by products investigated.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["DIANI, WIAM"],"institution":"Università degli studi di Catania","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":["LANZA, Massimiliano","AVONDO, Marcella"],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2014,"date_issued":"2014-12-10","date_published":"2014-12-10","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:35:22Z","subjects":["carob pulp, citrus pulp, methane, rumen, lambs"],"languages":["ita"],"rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess","license:PUBBLICO - Pubblico con Copyright","license uri:iris.PUB02"],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11769/588113","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor","label":"Contributor","values":["Diani, Wiam","LANZA, Massimiliano","AVONDO, Marcella"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["DIANI, WIAM"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date","label":"Dc Date","values":["2014-12-10"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Università degli studi di Catania","place:Catania"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["carob pulp, citrus pulp, methane, rumen, lambs"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language","label":"Dc Language","values":["ita"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess","license:PUBBLICO - Pubblico con Copyright","license uri:iris.PUB02"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier","label":"Identifier","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11769/588113"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description","label":"Description","values":["The objective of the present doctoral study is to evaluate the potential of using two locally byproducts namely carob pulp (Ceratonia Siliqua) and dehydrated citrus pulp (DCP) in view of reducing the carbon footprint, alleviating methane gas emission and reducing dependence on cereal feeding in fattening lambs. Two experimental trials were set up in parallel in an experimental farm in Villarosa (EN) both with Comisana lambs at 90 days of age. Two level of inclusion i.e. 24% and 35% fresh weight were investigated. Four types of parameters were monitored namely performance and productivity both in vivo and at slaughter, rumen pH and fatty acids, rumen microbial ecosystem and in vitro fermentation kinetics. It was found that both carob pup and DCP ingesting animals had similar performance and productivity. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.25 for all the diets and the carcass weight was 43%.The rumen pH was similar across all the diets being around 6.6 which is within the range for optimal ruminal metabolism. For the rumen fatty acids profile, it was found that only vaccenic acid was significantly affected by ingestion of DCP, being at 4.99% in the 35% DCP containing diet (Cp35) compared to 1.5% in the control group. For the carob ingesting animals, the diet affected only the stearic acid which was lower in the 35% ingesting animals (Ca35) i.e. 26.4% compared to 38.3% in the control. These values demonstrate to some extent a change in the fatty acids metabolism due to ingestion of the two by products. The rumen microbial ecosystem was not affected by inclusion of the byproducts remaining at a level of 11 (logcopies/gFM) for total bacteria. It was found also that the in vitro methane production was similar across all the diets demonstrating that inclusion of Carob pulp or DCP did not change methanogenesis. The results of this study, demonstrated that Carob pulp and DCP can be used to substitute barley to some extent without any effect on performance and methane emission in lamb fattening. Rumen metabolism, in terms of ruminal fluid fatty acids, would seem affected only by dietary treatments based on the highest proportions (35%) of the two by products investigated.","L'obiettivo del presente studio è stato quello di valutare il potenziale di impiego di due sottoprodotti dell industria agroalimentare siciliana : la polpa di carruba (CP) e la polpa disidratata di agrumi (DCP), allo scopo di diminuire l impatto ambientale degli allevamenti ovini e di limitare l impiego di cereali nelle diete.Due prove sperimentali sono state svolte in un azienda sperimentale a Villarosa (EN), entrambe con agnelli di razza Comisana. Le diete sperimentali sono state formulate con due livelli dei sottoprodotti su citati (24% e 35% peso fresco) . Sono stati monitorati : le performances degli animali in vivo e alla macellazione, il pH e il profilo degli acidi grassi ruminali, la flora ruminale e i parametri della fermentazione in vitro. È emerso che la produttività degli animali alimentati sia con la polpa di carruba sia con le polpe disidratate di agrumi è risultata simile a quella degli animali alimentati con la dieta a base di orzo. L efficienza alimentare (kg ADG/kg SS intake) è risultata intorno al valore di 0,25 per tutte le diete e la resa al macello si è collocata su valori intorno al 43% . Nessuna differenza imputabile al trattamento alimentare ha riguardato il pH ruminale simile per tutte le diete, intorno al 6,6 ed indicatore di un metabolismo ruminale regolare. Per quanto riguarda il profilo degli acidi grassi del liquido ruminale solo l acido vaccenico è stato significativamente influenzato dall ingestione di DCP con valori del 4,99% del totale degli acidi grassi nel gruppo alimentato con la dieta che includeva le polpe di agrumi in ragione del 35% rispetto all'1,5% presente nel fluido ruminale del gruppo di controllo. Per gli animali alimentati con la dieta che includeva la più alta proporzione di polpe di carrube (35%) l'acido stearico del liquido ruminale è risultato inferiore rispetto al controllo (26.4 vs 38,3% degli acidi grassi totali, rispettivamente). Questi valori dimostrano un cambiamento nel metabolismo degli acidi grassi causato dall ingestione dei differenti sottoprodotti allo studio. La flora ruminale non è stata influenzata dalle diverse diete sperimentali; il valore dei batteri totali è risultato pari a 11 logcopies / gFM. Inoltre si è visto che la produzione di metano, stimata in vitro, era simile per tutte le diete. I risultati di questo studio, hanno dimostrato che sia le polpe di carruba (CP) che le polpe disidratate di agrumi (DCP) possono essere utilizzate per sostituire l orzo in una certa misura senza avere un effetto negativo sulle performance degli agnelli da ingrasso e sull emissione di metano. Il metabolismo ruminale in termini di acidi grassi del fluido ruminale sembrerebbe essere influenzato solo dalle diete che includevano la più alta percentuale (35%) dei sottoprodotti."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Alternative Feeding Resources in the Mediterranean areas to mitigate methane emissions from sheep"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor":["Diani, Wiam","LANZA, Massimiliano","AVONDO, Marcella"],"dc:creator":["DIANI, WIAM"],"dc:date":["2014-12-10"],"dc:description":["The objective of the present doctoral study is to evaluate the potential of using two locally byproducts namely carob pulp (Ceratonia Siliqua) and dehydrated citrus pulp (DCP) in view of reducing the carbon footprint, alleviating methane gas emission and reducing dependence on cereal feeding in fattening lambs. Two experimental trials were set up in parallel in an experimental farm in Villarosa (EN) both with Comisana lambs at 90 days of age. Two level of inclusion i.e. 24% and 35% fresh weight were investigated. Four types of parameters were monitored namely performance and productivity both in vivo and at slaughter, rumen pH and fatty acids, rumen microbial ecosystem and in vitro fermentation kinetics. It was found that both carob pup and DCP ingesting animals had similar performance and productivity. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was 0.25 for all the diets and the carcass weight was 43%.The rumen pH was similar across all the diets being around 6.6 which is within the range for optimal ruminal metabolism. For the rumen fatty acids profile, it was found that only vaccenic acid was significantly affected by ingestion of DCP, being at 4.99% in the 35% DCP containing diet (Cp35) compared to 1.5% in the control group. For the carob ingesting animals, the diet affected only the stearic acid which was lower in the 35% ingesting animals (Ca35) i.e. 26.4% compared to 38.3% in the control. These values demonstrate to some extent a change in the fatty acids metabolism due to ingestion of the two by products. The rumen microbial ecosystem was not affected by inclusion of the byproducts remaining at a level of 11 (logcopies/gFM) for total bacteria. It was found also that the in vitro methane production was similar across all the diets demonstrating that inclusion of Carob pulp or DCP did not change methanogenesis. The results of this study, demonstrated that Carob pulp and DCP can be used to substitute barley to some extent without any effect on performance and methane emission in lamb fattening. Rumen metabolism, in terms of ruminal fluid fatty acids, would seem affected only by dietary treatments based on the highest proportions (35%) of the two by products investigated.","L'obiettivo del presente studio è stato quello di valutare il potenziale di impiego di due sottoprodotti dell industria agroalimentare siciliana : la polpa di carruba (CP) e la polpa disidratata di agrumi (DCP), allo scopo di diminuire l impatto ambientale degli allevamenti ovini e di limitare l impiego di cereali nelle diete.Due prove sperimentali sono state svolte in un azienda sperimentale a Villarosa (EN), entrambe con agnelli di razza Comisana. Le diete sperimentali sono state formulate con due livelli dei sottoprodotti su citati (24% e 35% peso fresco) . Sono stati monitorati : le performances degli animali in vivo e alla macellazione, il pH e il profilo degli acidi grassi ruminali, la flora ruminale e i parametri della fermentazione in vitro. È emerso che la produttività degli animali alimentati sia con la polpa di carruba sia con le polpe disidratate di agrumi è risultata simile a quella degli animali alimentati con la dieta a base di orzo. L efficienza alimentare (kg ADG/kg SS intake) è risultata intorno al valore di 0,25 per tutte le diete e la resa al macello si è collocata su valori intorno al 43% . Nessuna differenza imputabile al trattamento alimentare ha riguardato il pH ruminale simile per tutte le diete, intorno al 6,6 ed indicatore di un metabolismo ruminale regolare. Per quanto riguarda il profilo degli acidi grassi del liquido ruminale solo l acido vaccenico è stato significativamente influenzato dall ingestione di DCP con valori del 4,99% del totale degli acidi grassi nel gruppo alimentato con la dieta che includeva le polpe di agrumi in ragione del 35% rispetto all'1,5% presente nel fluido ruminale del gruppo di controllo. Per gli animali alimentati con la dieta che includeva la più alta proporzione di polpe di carrube (35%) l'acido stearico del liquido ruminale è risultato inferiore rispetto al controllo (26.4 vs 38,3% degli acidi grassi totali, rispettivamente). Questi valori dimostrano un cambiamento nel metabolismo degli acidi grassi causato dall ingestione dei differenti sottoprodotti allo studio. La flora ruminale non è stata influenzata dalle diverse diete sperimentali; il valore dei batteri totali è risultato pari a 11 logcopies / gFM. Inoltre si è visto che la produzione di metano, stimata in vitro, era simile per tutte le diete. I risultati di questo studio, hanno dimostrato che sia le polpe di carruba (CP) che le polpe disidratate di agrumi (DCP) possono essere utilizzate per sostituire l orzo in una certa misura senza avere un effetto negativo sulle performance degli agnelli da ingrasso e sull emissione di metano. Il metabolismo ruminale in termini di acidi grassi del fluido ruminale sembrerebbe essere influenzato solo dalle diete che includevano la più alta percentuale (35%) dei sottoprodotti."],"dc:identifier":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11769/588113"],"dc:language":["ita"],"dc:publisher":["Università degli studi di Catania","place:Catania"],"dc:rights":["info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess","license:PUBBLICO - Pubblico con Copyright","license uri:iris.PUB02"],"dc:subject":["carob pulp, citrus pulp, methane, rumen, lambs"],"dc:title":["Alternative Feeding Resources in the Mediterranean areas to mitigate methane emissions from sheep"],"dc:type":["info:eu-repo/semantics/doctoralThesis"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:35:22Z"}