{"id":{"repo_id":"carleton","oai_identifier":"oai:carleton.scholaris.ca:20.500.14718/40909"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/carleton/oai:carleton.scholaris.ca:20.500.14718/40909","repository":{"repo_id":"carleton","name":"Carleton University","base_url":"https://carleton.scholaris.ca/server/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"Synthesis and Characterization of Oil Lubricant Antioxidant Degradation Products","abstract":"Antioxidants are an example of additives added to lubricants as a sacrificial substance, which extend the lifespan by preferentially being oxidized over the lubricant. GasTops Ltd. is interested in predicting the remaining life of a lubricant by monitoring the quantity of antioxidant degradation products. An antioxidants of interest is N-phenyl-1-aminonaphthalene (PAN). Three major oxidation products of PAN have been identified, synthesized, and isolated: C-C coupled PAN dimer, C-N coupled PAN dimer, and naphthyl oxidized PAN (Fremy’s PAN). Other products include N-O radical PAN and phenyl oxidized PAN. Attempts to independently synthesize samples of these PAN derivatives resulted in the unexpected syntheses of other known PAN derivatives. Preparation of C-C PAN resulted in the synthesis of Fremy’s PAN as a by-product. Synthesis of C-N PAN resulted in the synthesis of C-C PAN and Fremy’s PAN. Synthesis of N-O radical PAN resulted in the production of C-C PAN and Fremy’s PAN.","abstract_html":"Antioxidants are an example of additives added to lubricants as a sacrificial substance, which extend the lifespan by preferentially being oxidized over the lubricant. GasTops Ltd. is interested in predicting the remaining life of a lubricant by monitoring the quantity of antioxidant degradation products. An antioxidants of interest is N-phenyl-1-aminonaphthalene (PAN). Three major oxidation products of PAN have been identified, synthesized, and isolated: C-C coupled PAN dimer, C-N coupled PAN dimer, and naphthyl oxidized PAN (Fremy’s PAN). Other products include N-O radical PAN and phenyl oxidized PAN. Attempts to independently synthesize samples of these PAN derivatives resulted in the unexpected syntheses of other known PAN derivatives. Preparation of C-C PAN resulted in the synthesis of Fremy’s PAN as a by-product. Synthesis of C-N PAN resulted in the synthesis of C-C PAN and Fremy’s PAN. Synthesis of N-O radical PAN resulted in the production of C-C PAN and Fremy’s PAN.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Rivada, John"],"institution":"Carleton University","degree_name":"Master of Science (M.Sc.)","degree_level":"Master's","degree_discipline":"Chemistry","degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":[],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2021,"date_issued":"2021","date_published":"2021","updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:34:20Z","subjects":[],"languages":["en"],"rights":["Copyright © 2021 the author(s). Theses may be used for non-commercial research, educational, or related academic purposes only. Such uses include personal study, distribution to students, research and scholarship. Theses may only be shared by linking to the Carleton University Institutional Repository and no part may be copied without proper attribution to the author; no part may be used for commercial purposes directly or indirectly via a for-profit platform; no adaptation or derivative works are permitted without consent from the copyright owner."],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["10.22215/etd/2021-15757"],"render_values":[{"text":"10.22215/etd/2021-15757","href":"https://doi.org/10.22215/etd/2021-15757","code":true}]}]},"links":{"outbound_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14718/40909","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Rivada, John"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-04-08T20:09:07Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-04-08T20:09:07Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2021"]},{"key":"dc:publisher","label":"Institution","values":["Carleton University"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["thesis"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_discipline","label":"Discipline","values":["Chemistry"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_level","label":"Degree Level","values":["Master's"]},{"key":"thesis:degree_name","label":"Degree Name","values":["Master of Science (M.Sc.)"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]},{"key":"dc:rights","label":"Dc Rights","values":["Copyright © 2021 the author(s). Theses may be used for non-commercial research, educational, or related academic purposes only. Such uses include personal study, distribution to students, research and scholarship. Theses may only be shared by linking to the Carleton University Institutional Repository and no part may be copied without proper attribution to the author; no part may be used for commercial purposes directly or indirectly via a for-profit platform; no adaptation or derivative works are permitted without consent from the copyright owner."]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.doi","label":"DOI","values":["10.22215/etd/2021-15757"]},{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14718/40909"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Antioxidants are an example of additives added to lubricants as a sacrificial substance, which extend the lifespan by preferentially being oxidized over the lubricant. GasTops Ltd. is interested in predicting the remaining life of a lubricant by monitoring the quantity of antioxidant degradation products. An antioxidants of interest is N-phenyl-1-aminonaphthalene (PAN). Three major oxidation products of PAN have been identified, synthesized, and isolated: C-C coupled PAN dimer, C-N coupled PAN dimer, and naphthyl oxidized PAN (Fremy’s PAN). Other products include N-O radical PAN and phenyl oxidized PAN. Attempts to independently synthesize samples of these PAN derivatives resulted in the unexpected syntheses of other known PAN derivatives. Preparation of C-C PAN resulted in the synthesis of Fremy’s PAN as a by-product. Synthesis of C-N PAN resulted in the synthesis of C-C PAN and Fremy’s PAN. Synthesis of N-O radical PAN resulted in the production of C-C PAN and Fremy’s PAN."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["Synthesis and Characterization of Oil Lubricant Antioxidant Degradation Products"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:creator":["Rivada, John"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-04-08T20:09:07Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-04-08T20:09:07Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2021"],"dc:description.abstract":["Antioxidants are an example of additives added to lubricants as a sacrificial substance, which extend the lifespan by preferentially being oxidized over the lubricant. GasTops Ltd. is interested in predicting the remaining life of a lubricant by monitoring the quantity of antioxidant degradation products. An antioxidants of interest is N-phenyl-1-aminonaphthalene (PAN). Three major oxidation products of PAN have been identified, synthesized, and isolated: C-C coupled PAN dimer, C-N coupled PAN dimer, and naphthyl oxidized PAN (Fremy’s PAN). Other products include N-O radical PAN and phenyl oxidized PAN. Attempts to independently synthesize samples of these PAN derivatives resulted in the unexpected syntheses of other known PAN derivatives. Preparation of C-C PAN resulted in the synthesis of Fremy’s PAN as a by-product. Synthesis of C-N PAN resulted in the synthesis of C-C PAN and Fremy’s PAN. Synthesis of N-O radical PAN resulted in the production of C-C PAN and Fremy’s PAN."],"dc:identifier.doi":["10.22215/etd/2021-15757"],"dc:identifier.uri":["https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14718/40909"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher":["Carleton University"],"dc:rights":["Copyright © 2021 the author(s). Theses may be used for non-commercial research, educational, or related academic purposes only. Such uses include personal study, distribution to students, research and scholarship. Theses may only be shared by linking to the Carleton University Institutional Repository and no part may be copied without proper attribution to the author; no part may be used for commercial purposes directly or indirectly via a for-profit platform; no adaptation or derivative works are permitted without consent from the copyright owner."],"dc:title":["Synthesis and Characterization of Oil Lubricant Antioxidant Degradation Products"],"dc:type":["thesis"],"thesis:degree_discipline":["Chemistry"],"thesis:degree_level":["Master's"],"thesis:degree_name":["Master of Science (M.Sc.)"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-24T01:34:20Z"}