The effects of calcium, magnesium and citrate health supplements on urinary risk factors for calcium oxalate kidney stone formation
type: CreativeWork
description: This thesis was undertaken to investigate the effects of various health supplements on the risk of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone formation. Four separate studies comprised the entire project. In the first study, a new approach was implemented to investigate the individual, additive and synergistic effects of calcium, magnesium and citrate health supplements on the urinary risk factors for CaOx kidney stone formation in eight healthy males. · While previous studies have examined the effects of individual preparations, few (if any) have addressed the issue of chemical interactions or synergism between different agents. The experimental design which was employed was a "Complete Latin Square Design" in which each subject was allocated to a randomized sequence of seven supplemental protocols in addition to the normal diet. These protocols comprised of calcium, magnesium and citrate supplements and combinations thereof. Supplementation lasted for 1 week. 24-hour urines were collected at baseline and during the final day of each supplemental protocol. The urine composition, relative supersaturation (RS), Tiselius risk index, metastable limit (MSL) and particle volume-size distributions were measured for each urine sample. The results showed that the activity of citrate-containing protocols in reducing several physicochemical risk factors for CaOx stone formation was superior to those containing calcium or magnesium alone and also that it behaves this way irrespective of whether the latter two components are present or not. The study also identified three interactions, viz. magnesium enhances citrate's ability to lower RS brushite (favourable synergistic interaction) and attenuates its ability to raise urinary pH (unfavourable synergistic interaction) and finally, calcium enhances citrate's ability to lower RS uric acid (additive effect). In the second study, the potential prophylactic and therapeutic properties of a South African product (CitroSoda: sodium citrate bi…
abstract: This thesis was undertaken to investigate the effects of various health supplements on the risk of calcium oxalate (CaOx) kidney stone formation. Four separate studies comprised the entire project. In the first study, a new approach was implemented to investigate the individual, additive and synergistic effects of calcium, magnesium and citrate health supplements on the urinary risk factors for CaOx kidney stone formation in eight healthy males. · While previous studies have examined the effects of individual preparations, few (if any) have addressed the issue of chemical interactions or synergism between different agents. The experimental design which was employed was a "Complete Latin Square Design" in which each subject was allocated to a randomized sequence of seven supplemental protocols in addition to the normal diet. These protocols comprised of calcium, magnesium and citrate supplements and combinations thereof. Supplementation lasted for 1 week. 24-hour urines were collected at baseline and during the final day of each supplemental protocol. The urine composition, relative supersaturation (RS), Tiselius risk index, metastable limit (MSL) and particle volume-size distributions were measured for each urine sample. The results showed that the activity of citrate-containing protocols in reducing several physicochemical risk factors for CaOx stone formation was superior to those containing calcium or magnesium alone and also that it behaves this way irrespective of whether the latter two components are present or not. The study also identified three interactions, viz. magnesium enhances citrate's ability to lower RS brushite (favourable synergistic interaction) and attenuates its ability to raise urinary pH (unfavourable synergistic interaction) and finally, calcium enhances citrate's ability to lower RS uric acid (additive effect). In the second study, the potential prophylactic and therapeutic properties of a South African product (CitroSoda: sodium citrate bi…
author: Allie-Hamdulay, Shameez
keywords: Chemistry
date published: 2004
date modified: 2026-07-22T22:23:47Z
provider: University of Cape Town
publisher: Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations
type: WebPage
source organization: Department of Chemistry

PropertyValue
property ID: Handle
value: http://hdl.handle.net/11427/42027