{"id":{"repo_id":"cape-town","oai_identifier":"oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/41941"},"canonical_url":"https://search.dev.ndltd.org/etd/cape-town/oai:open.uct.ac.za:11427/41941","repository":{"repo_id":"cape-town","name":"University of Cape Town","base_url":"https://open.uct.ac.za/oai/request"},"display":{"title":"A systematic review: the role of neuroinflammation as a pathway to injury in traumatic brain injury","abstract":"Background: HIV-associated tuberculosis has a high mortality. Chest x-rays are an adjunct diagnostic tool for tuberculosis but has high inter-reader variability, which may be reduced with chest x-ray scoring systems. We analysed and scored chest x-rays of hospitalised patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis and assessed the relationship of these chest x-ray scores with 12-week mortality and biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination. Methods: In this cohort study, the chest x-rays of adult patients, admitted with a new diagnosis of microbiologically confirmed HIV-associated tuberculosis were scored using the Timika scoring system. We excluded patients without a valid test result for the 3 biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination (urine lipoarabinomannan, TB blood culture and urine Xpert); valid chest x-ray; or who were lost to follow up. Results: Amongst 364 included participants, 73 (20%) died and 291 (80%) survived. Median age was 36 years and median CD4 count 57cells/mm3. 25% of participants had normal chest x-rays. No association was found between chest x-ray score and dissemination score. Higher chest x-ray score was associated with higher hazards of death using a multivariate analysis: every 10-point increase in chest x-ray score resulted in 9% increased hazards of death. Conclusion: In this cohort, a higher Timika chest x-ray score was associated with higher hazards of death at 12-weeks.","abstract_html":"Background: HIV-associated tuberculosis has a high mortality. Chest x-rays are an adjunct diagnostic tool for tuberculosis but has high inter-reader variability, which may be reduced with chest x-ray scoring systems. We analysed and scored chest x-rays of hospitalised patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis and assessed the relationship of these chest x-ray scores with 12-week mortality and biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination. Methods: In this cohort study, the chest x-rays of adult patients, admitted with a new diagnosis of microbiologically confirmed HIV-associated tuberculosis were scored using the Timika scoring system. We excluded patients without a valid test result for the 3 biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination (urine lipoarabinomannan, TB blood culture and urine Xpert); valid chest x-ray; or who were lost to follow up. Results: Amongst 364 included participants, 73 (20%) died and 291 (80%) survived. Median age was 36 years and median CD4 count 57cells/mm3. 25% of participants had normal chest x-rays. No association was found between chest x-ray score and dissemination score. Higher chest x-ray score was associated with higher hazards of death using a multivariate analysis: every 10-point increase in chest x-ray score resulted in 9% increased hazards of death. Conclusion: In this cohort, a higher Timika chest x-ray score was associated with higher hazards of death at 12-weeks.","abstract_has_math":false,"creators":["Vermeulen, Marcia"],"institution":"Department of Public Health and Family Medicine","degree_name":null,"degree_level":null,"degree_discipline":null,"degree_department":null,"school":null,"contributors":[],"advisors":["Schutz, Charlotte","Meintjes, Graeme"],"committee_chairs":[],"committee_members":[],"year":2025,"date_issued":"2025","date_published":"2025","updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:23:09Z","subjects":["TB","HIV"],"languages":["en"],"rights":[],"rights_urls":[],"identifier_entries":[]},"links":{"outbound_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11427/41941","outbound_label":"Handle","outbound_source":"dc:identifier.uri"},"metadata_groups":[{"id":"people","label":"People","entries":[{"key":"dc:contributor.advisor","label":"Advisor","values":["Schutz, Charlotte","Meintjes, Graeme"]},{"key":"dc:creator","label":"Author","values":["Vermeulen, Marcia"]}]},{"id":"academic_context","label":"Academic Context","entries":[{"key":"dc:date.accessioned","label":"Dc Date Accessioned","values":["2025-10-01T12:06:17Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.available","label":"Dc Date Available","values":["2025-10-01T12:06:17Z"]},{"key":"dc:date.issued","label":"Date","values":["2025"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.department","label":"Dc Publisher Department","values":["Department of Public Health and Family Medicine"]},{"key":"dc:publisher.institution","label":"Dc Publisher Institution","values":["University of Cape Town"]},{"key":"dc:type","label":"Dc Type","values":["Thesis / Dissertation"]},{"key":"dc:type.qualificationlevel","label":"Dc Type Qualificationlevel","values":["Masters","MPH"]}]},{"id":"subjects_keywords","label":"Subjects and Keywords","entries":[{"key":"dc:subject","label":"Dc Subject","values":["TB","HIV"]}]},{"id":"language_rights","label":"Language and Rights","entries":[{"key":"dc:language.iso","label":"Language (ISO)","values":["en"]}]},{"id":"identifiers","label":"Identifiers","entries":[{"key":"dc:identifier.uri","label":"Identifier URI","values":["http://hdl.handle.net/11427/41941"]}]},{"id":"additional","label":"Additional Metadata","entries":[{"key":"dc:description.abstract","label":"Abstract","values":["Background: HIV-associated tuberculosis has a high mortality. Chest x-rays are an adjunct diagnostic tool for tuberculosis but has high inter-reader variability, which may be reduced with chest x-ray scoring systems. We analysed and scored chest x-rays of hospitalised patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis and assessed the relationship of these chest x-ray scores with 12-week mortality and biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination. Methods: In this cohort study, the chest x-rays of adult patients, admitted with a new diagnosis of microbiologically confirmed HIV-associated tuberculosis were scored using the Timika scoring system. We excluded patients without a valid test result for the 3 biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination (urine lipoarabinomannan, TB blood culture and urine Xpert); valid chest x-ray; or who were lost to follow up. Results: Amongst 364 included participants, 73 (20%) died and 291 (80%) survived. Median age was 36 years and median CD4 count 57cells/mm3. 25% of participants had normal chest x-rays. No association was found between chest x-ray score and dissemination score. Higher chest x-ray score was associated with higher hazards of death using a multivariate analysis: every 10-point increase in chest x-ray score resulted in 9% increased hazards of death. Conclusion: In this cohort, a higher Timika chest x-ray score was associated with higher hazards of death at 12-weeks."]},{"key":"dc:title","label":"Title","values":["A systematic review: the role of neuroinflammation as a pathway to injury in traumatic brain injury"]}]}],"canonical_facts":{"dc:contributor.advisor":["Schutz, Charlotte","Meintjes, Graeme"],"dc:creator":["Vermeulen, Marcia"],"dc:date.accessioned":["2025-10-01T12:06:17Z"],"dc:date.available":["2025-10-01T12:06:17Z"],"dc:date.issued":["2025"],"dc:description.abstract":["Background: HIV-associated tuberculosis has a high mortality. Chest x-rays are an adjunct diagnostic tool for tuberculosis but has high inter-reader variability, which may be reduced with chest x-ray scoring systems. We analysed and scored chest x-rays of hospitalised patients with HIV-associated tuberculosis and assessed the relationship of these chest x-ray scores with 12-week mortality and biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination. Methods: In this cohort study, the chest x-rays of adult patients, admitted with a new diagnosis of microbiologically confirmed HIV-associated tuberculosis were scored using the Timika scoring system. We excluded patients without a valid test result for the 3 biomarkers of tuberculosis dissemination (urine lipoarabinomannan, TB blood culture and urine Xpert); valid chest x-ray; or who were lost to follow up. Results: Amongst 364 included participants, 73 (20%) died and 291 (80%) survived. Median age was 36 years and median CD4 count 57cells/mm3. 25% of participants had normal chest x-rays. No association was found between chest x-ray score and dissemination score. Higher chest x-ray score was associated with higher hazards of death using a multivariate analysis: every 10-point increase in chest x-ray score resulted in 9% increased hazards of death. Conclusion: In this cohort, a higher Timika chest x-ray score was associated with higher hazards of death at 12-weeks."],"dc:identifier.uri":["http://hdl.handle.net/11427/41941"],"dc:language.iso":["en"],"dc:publisher.department":["Department of Public Health and Family Medicine"],"dc:publisher.institution":["University of Cape Town"],"dc:subject":["TB","HIV"],"dc:title":["A systematic review: the role of neuroinflammation as a pathway to injury in traumatic brain injury"],"dc:type":["Thesis / Dissertation"],"dc:type.qualificationlevel":["Masters","MPH"]},"updated_at":"2026-07-22T22:23:09Z"}